<p>Christ Church is a heritage-listed Anglican church at 16 Hale Street, Milton, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The current church building is the second one at this site and was designed by John H Buckeridge and built in 1891 as a "temporary" structure but remains in use to this day. The rectory was built in 1883 to a design of F.D.G. Stanley. It is also known as the former Memorial Church. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ecclesiastical precinct at Christ Church, Milton, contains a timber church and rectory and a memorial reserve. The church was designed in 1891 by J H Buckeridge for use as both a Sunday school and a temporary church. The rectory was built in 1883 to a design of F.D.G. Stanley.</p><br>
<p>The parish has a close association with the Paddington Cemetery, first major burial ground in Brisbane. Established in the early 1840s bordering on Boundary Street, now called Hale Street, the cemetery was divided into sections serving six Christian denominations and the Jewish community. During the 1860s and early 1870s, the Anglican community in Milton held services in the mortuary chapel which served their portion of the cemetery. In 1873 the Parish of Milton was formed and served a larger area than is presently the case, extending to Paddington, Enoggera, Red Hill, Milton, Rosalie, Torwood and Auchenflower. From 1875 burials at the cemetery ceased.</p><br>
<p>The foundations to the new church proved to be faulty, necessitating costly repairs. Extensive damage was also sustained during a severe storm in 1890, after which it was decided to sell the church for demolition. A large Sunday School hall was also needed as the population of the area grew. In 1890 there were 250 pupils and 600 in 1900 as the suburbs developed. In the nineteenth century, Sunday schools were thought to be very important, not only to teach religion, where government education was secular, but to mould character and encourage a high standard of ethics in adult life. The congregation could not afford two buildings and so a practical compromise was made in which the new hall was designed to also serve as an interim church.</p><br>
<p>The stump capping took place on 4 June 1891. The building was opened and dedicated by Bishop Webber on 18 September 1891. The new church/hall building was placed on a different location within the allotment to the existing church as this continued in use while the hall was built. Some furnishings were transferred, including a stone baptismal font donated to the first chapel by Andrew Petrie. Due to the financial constraints under which the church was operating, and the original perception of the place as principally serving as a Sunday School, many of the furnishings of the church were added later. The roof was originally clad in timber shingles.</p><br>
<p>From the beginning the church served not only the residents of the surrounding area, but also the staff and inmates of the nearby Brisbane Gaol at Petrie Terrace. It ministered to the needs of the neighbouring garrison at Victoria Barracks and provided spiritual support to outlying communities. The parish established a number of social activities including a mens society, ladies guild and girls friendly society, but it also made an important contribution to the wider community by the foundation by the Mothers Union of a home nursing service that was to evolve into St Luke&#39;s Nursing Service.</p><br>
<p>The old cemetery grounds fell into disrepair and in 1911 the land was resumed for public purposes. Although some burials were re-interred in other cemeteries, in many cases only the headstones were relocated. In 1912-14 over 500 headstones were removed to a memorial reserve set aside within the boundary of the old Anglican cemetery section, which contained some twenty four burials. During the Depression most of these stones were removed and destroyed. In 1914, Lang Park sports ground was developed on the cemetery site.</p><br>
<p>Between 1905 and 1908, a timber hall was built to the east of the church and in 1918 additions and alterations were made including the replacement of the roof shingles with asbestos cement tiles and the acquisition of a larger organ which necessitated alterations to the floor and ceiling. Changes to the fabric of the church have otherwise been minor.</p><br>
<p>The spire was damaged by a storm in 1985 and was rebuilt without the ventilation louvres.</p><br>
<p>In 1987 a ring road was proposed which meant resumption of a substantial section of the church grounds including part of the Memorial Reserve. In spite of strong objections by the congregation and community, road construction went ahead in 1989/90. The hall was demolished and the headstones were relocated within the remaining memorial reserve, which contains some early burials and provides evidence for use of this area as Brisbane&#39;s first public cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The expansion of the adjacent Lang Park sports ground (now Suncorp Stadium) in about 2001 further encroached on the church. Given the height of these modern developments, the church can no longer easily be seen from the surrounding area. The church can no longer be accessed from Hale Street but can be reached from Chippendall Street.</p><br>
<p>Despite the original intention of the hall serving only as an intermediate church, the building continues in use as a church to this day. The timber stumps have been replaced by low wall of concrete blocks and there are modern toilets built underneath.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Situated at the corner of Hale and Chippendall Streets, Christ Church and its spire are still a visible and distinctive presence in the surrounding area, which is now occupied by light industry rather than residential buildings. However, the neighbouring Lang Park Stadium dominates the built environment. The church precinct is separated from the Hale Street diversion by a high retaining wall. An open garden area lies between the church and rectory and the memorial reserve is accessed from there by a gate set in a wall. The church grounds retain some mature trees.</p><br>
<p>The church is a timber building, set on a low base of concrete blocks. It is cruciform in plan with a slender spire over the crossing. The roof is clad with diamond shaped asbestos cement tiles and the pitch breaks to cover the verandahs on either side. There is a polygonal timber baptistery. The building displays to great advantage the beauty and utility of Queensland timber. The exterior is clad with painted weatherboard except for the outside walls to the verandahs which have exposed studs. Inside, the church is lined with unpainted vee-jointed pine boards which have deepened in colour with age. It has a crown post roof with scissor braces. The transepts contain a Lady Chapel and Warrior&#39;s Chapel and are separated from the nave by pointed arches.</p><br>
<p>The windows in the body of the church are casements with trefoil heads in moulded frames and are set with clear glass, but a group of seven above the altar are set with stained glass depicting Christ and the saints Paul, Mary, John, and Barnabus. The baptistery beyond an arch at the southern end of the building is lit by modern stained glass windows.</p><br>
<p>A number of fittings reused from the earlier church include a stone font given by Andrew Petrie in 1874 to the first chapel. There is a brass lectern donated as a memorial in 1892 and the pulpit dates from 1914. Pews in the choir and nave are carved and add to the rich timber colours of the interior. There is a timber Honour Board from World War I.</p><br>
<p>The small pipe organ by Whitehouse to the right of the chancel was extensively rebuilt and electrified in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The rectory is no longer used for this purpose, although the church uses several rooms on the enclosed verandah facing the street as offices. The body of the house is let as a residence. It is a single-storey timber house with a steeply pitched roof, clad in corrugated iron and decorated with fretted barge boards. It is on low stumps and has brick chimneys. A central hall opens into a dining and living rooms on the left and two bedrooms on the right. At the rear there is a kitchen wing containing scullery, maid&#39;s room and kitchen. The house has lath and plaster walls in the main internal rooms, an unusual feature in a comparatively modest home. The verandah has been enclosed and extended over time; however, the house is generally very intact and has well-detailed joinery. Details such as the arched timber front demonstrate the influence of the Gothic style.</p><br>
<p>The Memorial Reserve contains 21 memorials from the former Anglican burial reserve, a number of which commemorate members of well known pioneer families.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Christ Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church Milton is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queenslands history, containing within its grounds a section of Brisbanes first public cemetery. Christ Church is closely associated with the development of Milton and Petrie Terrace as suburbs of Brisbane and as a "mother church" nurtured the development of several later parishes. The size and quality of the church building, intended originally as a Sunday School, demonstrates the importance given to religious education in nineteenth century Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The timbers from the Esk Valley used in the construction of the church are of a size and quality that have become rare today. The positioning of the church, rectory and hall in close proximity to the graveyard is an uncommon characteristic in Queensland churches. The reserve and the graves and memorials it contains are the only visible evidence of Queensland&#39;s first major public cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church Milton is important as a good example of a Sunday School hall and church combined; an option that a number of early parishes chose as an interim measure where financial resources were limited. The wide verandahs and open floor space are characteristic of a hall, yet the building also has ecclesiastical features such as a cruciform floor plan, a steeple/ventilator and a baptistery. The rectory is a good, intact example of a cottage ornee of its era, having a quality of design and finish unusual in a house of its modest scale. The memorials contained in the reserve demonstrate 19th century customs connected with burial and mourning.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church Milton has aesthetic significance for the quality of its design, exhibiting such features relating to the Arts and Crafts movement as a highly competent use of timber materials throughout, the broken pitch of the principal roof and the introduction of an elaborate roof form. The rectory has aesthetic significance as a well executed Gothic cottage ornee, a style perhaps thought particularly suitable for church house.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church Milton is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative and technical achievement at a particular period. The use of a variety of timbers and the treatment of the ceiling show a high degree of technical competence. The design is an imaginative solution to the problem of containing diverse uses in a single building and shows a considered response to climate through its use of wide verandahs and a ventilator incorporated into the steeple.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>It has social and spiritual associations with the congregation of the parish, some of whom made notable contributions to the wider community.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church has a special association with the life and work of the Diocesan Architect, J H Buckeridge, and Bishop William Webber, whose vision for the developing church in Queensland encompassed new buildings of substance and quality. It is associated with the work of Lars Anderson whose innovative methods contributed to the development of the Queensland timber industry particularly in the Brisbane Valley.</p><br>
<p>Las Moras Springs,"The Mulberries" in Spanish, are a group of springs near Brackettville in Kinney County, Texas.</p><br>
<p>Las Moras Springs are located on the grounds of Fort Clark in Brackettville and were the reason for the location of the fort and the settlement there. The springs are the ninth largest group of springs in Texas, discharging an average of about 12-14 million gallons per day. They are artesian springs arising from a fault overlying the Edwards limestone. It emerges at an elevation of about 1,096 feet. The springs fill a large walled-in area some of which spills into a 300-foot long swimming pool. Its excess flows into a bypass channel around the pool. Below the pool, both discharges combine and form the headwaters of the section of Las Moras Creek that flows year around to the Rio Grande.</p><br>
<p>The Crossett Municipal Building is a historic multi-function municipal building at 307-309 Main Street in Crossett, Arkansas. The Art Deco building was designed by the firm of Trapp, Clippard & Phelps, and built in 1954 by C.W. Vollmer. Its exterior is primarily brick, with limestone trim. Prior to its construction, the municipal services of the city were scattered throughout town, and construction of this building was authorized in order to centralize them. The building was designed to house the public library in its north wing, the fire station in the south wing, and municipal offices, including the council chambers, mayor&#39;s office, and municipal court, in the center. The library moved out of its space in the 1960s, after which it was taken over by the police department.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. M.C. Hawkins House is a historic house at 4684 Arkansas Highway 8 in Parkdale, Arkansas. Built 1911-12, it is an excellent example of a Prairie School house designed by Little Rock architect Frank W. Gibb. It is a two story structure faced in brick veneer, laid out in a T shape. The rectangular main block has a hip roof, while the kitchen wing, which extends to the rear, has a gabled roof. The main entrance is centered on the front facade, and is sheltered by a porch supported by brick columns and pilasters. The top of this porch functions as a deck, surrounded by brick posts and a simple wooden balustrade, which was originally a more complex jigsawn design.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church is a heritage-listed church at 24 Macrossan Street , Childers, Bundaberg Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by John Hingeston Buckeridge and built from 1900 to 1958. It is also known as the Anglican Church. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 April 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Christ Church, Childers is a timber church constructed to the design of Anglican Church architect J H Buckeridge in 1900 is the second church to be built on the site on the corner of Macrossan and McIllwraith Streets.</p><br>
<p>In early 1888, an application was made for a grant to build a church at Isis Scrub. By June, The Church Chronicle reported that £25 had been given towards the construction and by November a small hardwood church, the first Christ Church, was opened. The development of religious institutions in Childers reflected the more general consolidation of the town. Christ Church was initially part of the Howard Parish and was ministered to by the itinerant parish priest, Father J.E Clayton. From the time of the dedication of this early church, the congregation lobbied for their own resident priest and a more substantial church building. Father W.S Marshall became the first resident priest appointed to Childers in 1898 following the offer of Mr James Equestrian to pay the priest&#39;s stipend for the first year of appointment.</p><br>
<p>In 1899, the Brisbane Dioceses architect John H Buckeridge was approached by the Building Committee to prepare plans for a new and bigger church in Childers. The Committee had considered other designs prepared by Buckeridge for the Church of England and the design of Christ Church has a close relationship to Buckeridges other timber churches, particularly St Colomb&#39;s in Clayfield which opened in December 1899.</p><br>
<p>John Buckeridge came to Queensland upon the request of Bishop William Webber and at the recommendation of J.L Pearson, eminent English architect and designer of St Johns Cathedral, Brisbane. Webber was Bishop of Queensland from 1885 and undertook an ambitious church building program throughout the state. He was not content with merely building churches but was intent upon them being well designed works of ecclesiastical architecture and it was for that reason he invited Buckeridge to come to Queensland in 1887 and formalised the position of Diocesan architect. Buckeridge was Diocesan Architect at a time when Queenslands population was expanding and there was a high demand for church buildings. It has been said that "Buckeridges churches were more than simple timber and tin chapels. He had the architectural ability to set them apart from the generally more pedestrian buildings of other denominations." His church architecture was a loose interpretation of the Gothic Revival style and used good quality local materials in an economical manner with attention to the need to design appropriately for Queenslands sub-tropical climate.</p><br>
<p>Initial tenders submitted for Buckeridge&#39;s design for Christ Church were considered too high and the plans were modified in December 1899 to meet the budget. Local builder, Mr Irwin signed a contract for £540 which included a price for the pews which were also designed by Buckeridge. The building was constructed during 1900 and the work was supervised by Bundaberg architect, Frederic Herbert Faircloth. Faircloth practised in Bundaberg from the early 1890s and was responsible for many buildings in Childers, particularly after a huge fire destroyed much of the main street in 1902.</p><br>
<p>Canon Eva, the priest at St. Paul&#39;s Church, Maryborough opened and dedicated Christ Church on 9 May 1901 to co-incide with the formation of a separate parish based in Childers. The first parish priest was Father Thomas Ashburner. The original church was put into use as a parish hall, until 1967 when it was sold for removal and a new masonry Memorial Hall was constructed. The congregation continued to make changes to the church and precinct over time. In 1906, a house was purchased for £330 for use as a rectory. During the 1920s and 30s the church was painted several times, a fence was erected and in 1932 the Brand and Gant families presented memorial gates and a font. Parishioners also donated several sets of stained glass windows during this period and all except for a single window in the side chapel were to the design of renowned stained glazier and artist William Bustard.</p><br>
<p>Bustard worked for R S Exton and Co from 1921 until the closure of the companys glass studio in 1958. Bustard was a prolific designer and producer of high quality stained glass and his work is featured in many of Queenslands outstanding buildings of the early twentieth century, including a number of churches for the Anglican church. Many of his windows for Christ Church depict scenes from the life of Jesus Christ from the Annunciation to the Ascension. Six stained glass windows were installed in the sanctuary and baptistery in 1940-41. A further six pairs were dedicated in May 1947, having been installed over several preceding years. By 1958, all the church windows in the nave had been fitted with stained glass designed by Bustard. A more recent window in the side chapel, depicting Christ Church surrounded by local fauna and flora was installed in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the church which was originally unpainted, was painted in the 1950s. At the same time, the vestry was lined and the timber stumps were replaced with brick piers. The church was again painted in 1975 and the roof cladding was replaced in 1983. The sanctuary was re-lined with imitation timber panelling in 1984 and an alabaster set of Stations of the Cross were donated by the Percival family in 1994. The Christ Church Parish now has churches in Childers, Apple Tree Creek, Cordalba, Howard and Torbanlea as well as conducting services in Woodgate and Burrum Heads.</p><br>
<p>A recent inventory of parish churches within the Brisbane Dioceses has found that of the surviving twenty-two timber buildings designed by Buckeridge for the Anglican church, only five are identified as sustaining their design intactness, having experienced only minor changes such as changes to roofing materials and the additions of linings. Christ Church, Childers is considered the most intact of these.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Christ Church, Childers is a timber building located on Macrossan Street, a secondary street running parallel to the main street of the town of Childers. Views of the church are gained from McIllwraith Street as it slopes away towards the cane fields which provide a backdrop to the church. The church is set back from the street and is accessed via a wide red concrete driveway. It is low-set on brick piers and is clad in painted weatherboards of a creamy colour. The roof is steeply pitched and finished in "trimdeck", wide-pan steel roof sheeting in a dull brown colour-bonded finish. The gable ends are surmounted by small timber crosses.</p><br>
<p>The building has a five bay nave, a chancel with a Northern vestry, side aisles and a polygonal baptistry flanked by two entry porches. The baptistry has a hipped roof with three triangular segments that create a distinctive feature on the western elevation of the building to the street. The chancel is separately roofed with a steeply pitched roof that extends on the northern end to roof the vestry. The side aisles and porches also have separate skillion roofs, providing space for bands of clerestory windows on the northern and southern walls. The clerestory windows are fixed windows with cusped heads, arranged in groups of four and filled with coloured glass in muted tones of yellow, pink and green. The northern and southern walls each have five pairs of timber lancet windows, all of which are fitted with stained glass.</p><br>
<p>The windows depict the story of the life of Christ and contain a number of repeated motifs such as a town of clustered white-washed buildings with a middle eastern appearance, palm trees and flowers such as purple irises and daffodils. The baptistry also has three lancet windows set with stained glass depicting the baptism of Christ, Christ as a baby being brought to the temple and Christ with the children. A tripartite lancet stained glass window with a common sill is located high in the eastern gable in the back wall of the sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the church has an open timbered ceiling lined with diagonally laid boards that have been painted in an ochre colour. At each fifth rafter there are arch braced, scissor trusses that are tied at eaves level by metal rods. Each arched brace continues below the line of the clerestory and lands on a timber post. A second line of arches runs perpendicular to the roof trusses between the aisle posts along the length of the side aisles. These slender, pointed timber arches spring from moulded capitals on the aisle posts. The side aisle rafters also have arched bracing members in keeping with the truss bracing. The wide, gently pointed chancel arch springs from a timber moulding that runs around the sanctuary, forming a sill to the eastern windows.</p><br>
<p>Walls throughout the interior are lined with vertical, v-j pine boards that have been painted white. Aisle posts are painted in a dark brown and the timber pews are unpainted. The aisles and sanctuary are carpeted and the sanctuary is raised six steps above the nave floor. The organ and (unused) pulpit are located against the northern wall, adjacent to the vestry. The vestry is entered via a lancet arched door opening and has a similar door leading to a set of external stairs. A bell mounted in a timber frame is located next to the landing of the vestry steps. The vestry contains framed photographs of the past priests of Christ Church and other pieces of memorabilia.</p><br>
<p>The baptistry is separated from the nave by a lancet arched opening flanked by timber posts with moulded capitals and the floor is raised two steps above the nave floor. The baptistry is a small, five-sided space that contains a sandstone font, a tall timber candleholder and a small shelf with anointing oil. To either side of the baptistry are lancet arched door openings leading to the entry porches. Adjacent to the southern door are three timber honour boards.</p><br>
<p>A low-set brick parish hall is located on the southern side of the church and a timber rectory facing Macrossan Street is to the north- east, separated from the church by steel fencing.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Christ Church, Childers was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 April 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church, Childers is important in demonstrating the evolution of Queensland&#39;s history having been constructed during a period of unprecedented growth in the Isis, when Childers emerged as the centre of a substantial sugar-growing district and major social, cultural and religious institutions were established in the town.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The church has a fine and rare set of windows by distinguished artist and stained glazier William Bustard, which are among the aesthetically significant features of the building. As a surviving intact timber church designed by John Buckeridge during his time as Diocesan Architect, Christ Church demonstrates rare aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church, Childers demonstrates the principal characteristics of a timber church located in a small rural settlement. Key features of the church include the simple building form, steeply pitched gable roof and the free interpretation of the Gothic Revival style evidenced by the use of lancet window and door openings and pointed arches.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church, Childers is a refined piece of architectural design, in particular the elegant timber detailing of the interior of the church has aesthetic significance. The church has a fine and rare set of windows by distinguished artist and stained glazier William Bustard, which are among the aesthetically significant features of the building. As a surviving intact timber church designed by John Buckeridge during his time as Diocesan Architect, Christ Church demonstrates rare aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church, Childers has strong and special associations with the Anglican Parish of Childers as their principal place of worship for 100 years.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The church also has special associations with the architect John Buckeridge, who made an important contribution to the development of church architecture in Queensland, and notable Queensland artist and stained glazier William Bustard.</p><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Parish Hall is a heritage-listed Anglican church hall at 141 Brookes Street, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by John Hingeston Buckeridge and built from 1891 to 1892 by John Quinn. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Parish Hall at Church Street, Fortitude Valley is a substantial brick building constructed in 1891-92 to the design of Brisbane architect JH Buckeridge. It replaced an earlier stone school room on the site.</p><br>
<p>The Church of England was the first institutional religion established in Queensland, with the parish of St Johns in Brisbane created in 1849 as part of the Diocese of Newcastle. Land bounded by George, William and Elizabeth streets was granted to the church and St Johns Church was consecrated on this site in 1854. This parish encompassed a wide district which extended well beyond the Brisbane town boundary and included Milton, Enoggera and Sandgate.</p><br>
<p>By the mid-1850s a village of 100 to 150 houses had been established at Fortitude Valley just north of the Brisbane town boundary and there were more homes scattered through the semi-bush to the north and east. For Forrtitude Valley residents, access to St Johns Church at the southern end of North Brisbane was difficult. Principal access was via the steep, unformed track of Ann Street over Duncans Hill, which was not cut down until the 1860s and 1870s. Wickham Street did not exist at this period; in its place was a series of ponds and brickyards.</p><br>
<p>In recognition of the increasing settlement of the district north of Brisbane, part of St John&#39;s parish separated in 1856 to form Holy Trinity parish. The new parish encompassed the areas of Fortitude Valley, Bowen Hills and New Farm and extended west to Enoggera and north to Sandgate. At first a cottage was rented at the corner of Ann and Ballow Streets for use as a Church of England school on weekdays and as a place of worship on Sundays. In 1857 the New South Wales Government (the separation of Queensland did not occur until 1859) granted to the parish two acres of land bounded by Ann, Brookes, Church and Wickham streets for church purposes (the present site of the Holy Trinity Church, the rectory and this Parish Hall). In the same year a long, stone building was erected on this site for use as a school room and temporary church.</p><br>
<p>The Anglican Diocese of Brisbane was formed in 1859, with Bishop Edward Tufnell taking office as the first Bishop of Brisbane in 1860. At this time St John&#39;s Church was designated as the pro-Cathedral, and Holy Trinity parish was incorporated into the Diocese of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>During the 1860s and 1870s Fortitude Valley developed as a commercial and residential centre and population density in Fortitude Valley and surrounding areas increased substantially. The 1857 stone building was enlarged in 1862 to accommodate an expanding congregation and by the mid-1870s Holy Trinity parish was committed to the construction of a new, larger church on the Brookes Street site. Designed in 1875 by the then Queensland Colonial Architect, Francis Drummond Greville Stanley, the second Holy Trinity church was erected in 1876-1877 by contractor James Robinson. The 1857 stone church/school building remained in use as a schoolroom. In 1889 a new rectory was constructed fronting Brookes Street, replacing an earlier rectory in Leichhardt Street.</p><br>
<p>In 1891 the parish&#39;s Leichhardt Street property was sold for £3,500 and the stone schoolroom was demolished to make way for the present brick parish hall in Church Street. The sale of the Leichhardt Street land likely financed construction of the new hall.</p><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Parish Hall was designed as a Sunday school-cum-hall by architect John Hingeston Buckeridge. As Brisbane Diocesan architect from 1887 to 1902, Buckeridge was responsible for many Church of England ecclesiastical buildings in southeast Queensland, including: the St John the Baptist Anglican Church, Bulimba (1888); St Matthews Church, Kilkivan (1888); St Marys Anglican Church, Mount Morgan (1888–1889); the rectory at St Andrews Anglican Church, South Brisbane (1889); the rectory and additions to the church hall at St Marys Anglican Church, Kangaroo Point (1889); St Agnes Anglican Church, Esk (1889); St Georges Church, Redland Bay (1889–1890); the church-school of St Michaels and All Angels at New Farm (1890–1891); the rectory at Holy Trinity Anglican Church, Woolloongabba (1890–1891); Anglican churches at Killarney, St George, Woodford and Yuleba in 1891; Christ Church, Milton (1891); Christ Church, Bundaberg (1892–1899); St Lukes Anglican Church, Toowoomba (1894); St Augustines, Hamilton (1895–1896); the Anglican Church Institute and Synod Hall in Brisbane (1895–1897); St Colombs at Sandgate (1899); St John the Evangelist Church at Mundoolun (1899); St Pauls, Roma; and the Christ Church, Childers (1899). Buckeridge also designed the All Souls&#39; Quetta Memorial Church (later Cathedral) on Thursday Island (1892–1893).</p><br>
<p>The foundation stone of the new parish school was laid by the Bishop of Brisbane, Dr William Webber, on 17 October 1891. The building was completed in approximated 3 months by contractor John Quinn at a cost of £1,775, which included stabling at the rear of the building. It was opened formally as the Holy Trinity Sunday School by the Governor of Queensland, Sir Henry Wylie Norman, on 23 January 1892.</p><br>
<p>At completion the building was described in the local press as "a very creditable addition to the architecture of the Valley." It contained a main hall measuring 92 ft by 24 ft, two transepts each 24 ft by 14 ft and four classrooms, each 17 ft by 12 ft. The classrooms were separated from the main hall and transepts by arches and folding timber doors, which could be opened to allow the whole to be used as one hall. At one end of the main hall was a platform or stage, with a library at one side and a retiring room on the other, each 12 ft by 8 ft; at the other end of the main hall was a raised infants&#39; gallery, which could accommodate 100 children. In total, the building could accommodate over 500 children or 400 adults comfortably. The interior was finished originally in face brick.</p><br>
<p>The majority of Brisbane Diocesan buildings of this period were constructed of timber, which was less expensive than stone or brick. Construction of a parish hall-cum-school room in brick was uncommon and the substantial nature of the Holy Trinity Parish Hall reflects the strength of Holy Trinity parish in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Parish Hall (1891–1892) is situated adjacent to Holy Trinity Church (1876–1877, 1920–21, 1929) and Holy Trinity Rectory (1889) in Fortitude Valley. All three buildings are located on a site bounded by Brookes, Church and Wickham streets at the northern end of Fortitude Valley. They complement each other in terms of scale, materials (each is of brick construction), use of Gothic stylistic elements and garden setting. The parish hall, fronting Church Street, is positioned to the south east of the church and to the south west of the rectory, which faces Brookes Street.</p><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Parish Hall is a substantial, single-storeyed brick building with a multi-gabled roof. It is a plain but well-resolved design, incorporating motifs common to Gothic-styled ecclesiastical building in the cruciform plan, spire (roof ventilator), lancet windows and joinery detailing.</p><br>
<p>The building rests on a base of pale cream bricks and the red brick exterior walls are decorated with bands of the same cream brick, which accent the wall face and the window sills and heads. Windows are simple lancets and door openings have flat stone lintels with corbelled shoulders or pointed arches of cream brick. The roof is of corrugated iron over exposed timber framing, with a timber-boarded ceiling. There is a timber-framed spire with louvred ventilator openings at the crossing of the transepts with the main roof.</p><br>
<p>At the western corner of the building is a marble foundation stone or plaque with the inscription: This foundation stone was laid by the Bishop of Brisbane October 17th 1891. JH Buckeridge, architect. John Quinn, contractor.</p><br>
<p>Above the main entrance door is another plaque with the inscription: Trinity Sunday School opened by His Excellency Sir Henry Wylie Norman KGB, GCMG January 23rd 1892. J Spooner, rector. A Trimble, superintendent.</p><br>
<p>The interior comprises one large, high, open central space (the main hall) divided from four small former class rooms along each long side by lancet-arched openings with folding timber doors. The interior walls are plastered and the floor is of narrow timber boards.</p><br>
<p>A small front grassed yard to Church Street has some plantings and a low brick retaining wall along the road alignment.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Parish Hall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Parish Hall, Fortitude Valley is part of an ecclesiastical group comprising Holy Trinity Church (1876–1877, 1920-21 & 1929), Holy Trinity Rectory (1889) and Holy Trinity Parish Hall (1891–1892). The site has historical significance for its association with the establishment of the Anglican Church in Queensland and the surviving buildings are important evidence of the late 19th century consolidation of the Church of England in Queensland, which is an important theme in the state&#39;s history. The place also illustrates the expansion of suburban Brisbane in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Parish Hall demonstrates an uncommon aspect of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage, being one of comparatively few 19th century Church of England parish halls of brick construction in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Parish Hall is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its class. It is a substantial school room-cum-hall utilising Gothic stylistic elements popular in ecclesiastical buildings of the period, including the cruciform plan, ridge ventilator in the form of a small spire, lancet windows and joinery detailing. Holy Trinity parish was at its peak in the late 19th century and the parish hall, in its substantial scale and brick construction, reflects the comparative wealth of the parishioners, while restraint in the interior finishes and modest decorative detailing reflects the building&#39;s ecclesiastical function. The building is a good example of the ecclesiastical work of Brisbane Diocesan architect JH Buckeridge and has aesthetic significance generated by its design, materials and garden setting. Holy Trinity Parish Hall makes a significant contribution to the Holy Trinity Precinct in Fortitude Valley. This group is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its class: a substantially intact, cohesive, late 19th century Queensland ecclesiastical precinct. The cohesion is due to the consistency in scale, forms, materials, use of Gothic design elements, quality of architectural design and location within a garden setting (including mature trees and retaining walls). The arrangement and inter-relationship of the buildings on the site is important in illustrating how the precinct functions.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building is a good example of the ecclesiastical work of Brisbane Diocesan architect JH Buckeridge and has aesthetic significance generated by its design, materials and garden setting.</p><br>
<p>Since the late 19th century Holy Trinity Precinct has made a significant aesthetic contribution to the Brisbane townscape.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Parish Hall is of social significance, being associated with the work of the Holy Trinity parish since 1892.</p><br>
<p>Lady Bowen Hospital is a heritage-listed former maternity hospital at 497-535 Wickham Terrace, Spring Hill, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by John H. Buckeridge and built from 1889 to 1890 by John Quinn. It was also known as Brisbane Lying-In Hospital, Lady Bowen Hostel, and Anzac House & Club. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 April 1999.</p><br>
<p>The hospital was named after Lady Diamantina Bowen, the wife of the then Queensland Governor Sir George Bowen. Lady Bowen had been the first patron of the Ladies&#39; Committee of the Lying-In Hospital, whose mission was to provide safe maternity facilities for women in Brisbane.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The former Lady Bowen Hospital, on Wickham Terrace is a complex of three buildings, the earliest of which was constructed as the second purpose built home of the Brisbane Lying-In Hospital in 1889-1890. In 1938 the Lady Bowen Hospital was superseded by the Brisbane Women&#39;s Hospital and the site on Wickham Terrace was leased for a variety of purposes. The buildings are currently occupied by various arts related organisations.</p><br>
<p>During the nineteenth century childbirth frequently resulted in the death of mother and or baby. Usually, babies were delivered in the family home with the assistance of midwives, of varying degrees of experience and training. During the time of the Moreton Bay penal settlement, care for those women who could not afford the expense of a midwife, was available from the female prison, firstly located in Queen Street and later at Eagle Farm Women&#39;s Prison. Following the closure of the female prison, destitute women were unable to find medical attention during childbirth until the formation of the Queensland Lying-In Hospital in 1864.</p><br>
<p>A committee was formed for the establishment of a lying-in hospital following a report in The Brisbane Courier of 16 August 1864 requesting those interested in the establishment of such an institution to attend a meeting at the Armoury on 19 August at 4.00pm. The committee formed as a result of this meeting lobbied the colonial government of the time for partial funding, under the provisions Hospitals Act 1862 which allowed funding to be used to assist the establishment of hospitals. Previously Queensland hospitals were established solely by public donation. The Queensland colonial government, under Governor Bowen allocated £500 toward the establishment of the first public lying-in hospital.</p><br>
<p>From the outset, the Ladies&#39; Committee of the Lying-In Hospital sought to achieve three aims: firstly to improve midwifery standards in the state, secondly to change community attitudes toward accepting childbirth in hospitals and thirdly to promote moral reform in unwed mothers. To achieve the first aim, the training of midwives was conducted from the earliest days of the hospital in the 1860s.</p><br>
<p>On 1 September 1864, a joint committee of ladies and gentlemen of the proposed Lying-In Hospital was held to consider the objectives of the new hospital. At this meeting a Ladies Committee was appointed in which the management of the institution was vested and comprising the wives of many early prominent Brisbane citizens. The Ladies Committee were supported by a mens committee who provided advice and reference as required. The hospital, officially called, the Queensland Lying-In Hospital was, opened on 2 November 1864 in a house, Fairview, in Leichhardt Street, Spring Hill. This was described in an advertisement in the Brisbane Courier as having six large rooms, detached kitchen and servants room, with tank and yard. The Ladies Committee rented Fairview for £120 per annum.</p><br>
<p>The hospital remained in this rented accommodation in Leichhardt Street until 1866 when the Lying-In Hospital was moved to a new purpose designed building in Ann Street, between Edward and Albert Streets and adjacent to the Servants&#39; Home (later known as the Brisbane School of Arts). This was an eight roomed building with beds for twelve patients and ancillary rooms. In August 1867, this building was renamed the Lady Bowen Lying-In Hospital in recognition of the wife of Governor George Bowen, Lady Diamantina Roma Bowen. During her life in Queensland, Lady Bowen was an avid participant and organiser of charitable and social activities.</p><br>
<p>The Lady Bowen Lying-In Hospital remained in Ann Street for about twenty-five years until 1889 when a larger hospital was built, on the outskirts of the central business area of Brisbane and overlooking Albert Park. A bill was passed in parliament to allow for the sale of the hospital in Ann Street to allow the Ladies&#39; Committee to procure land elsewhere for reasons that:The situation is not by any means healthy, as the aspect is wrong for both breeze and sun; the situation is noisy; the present institution cannot be thoroughly cleaned without closing; and it is quite impossible to separate married women from single women, which separation is of course most desirable.The Ann Street property was sold for £6000 and patients were transferred to a property in Wharf Street, awaiting the opening of the Wickham Terrace Hospital. In October 1888 the Ladies Committee acquired the Wickham Terrace property, where formerly the house of Reginald Heber Roe, Head Master of Brisbane Grammar School was sited. Roe moved from his Wickham Terrace residence, known as Winholm, to a boarding house on the Brisbane Grammar site. Winholm is thought to have been demolished to make way for the lying-in hospital, certainly neither documentary or physical evidence suggests that the house has been retained within the hospital complex.</p><br>
<p>Following the acquisition of the land, the Ladies Committee commissioned Brisbane architect, John Hingestone Buckeridge to design the new two storeyed hospital. Buckeridge arrived in Brisbane in February 1887 to take up his appointment as the Diocesan architect for the Bishop of Brisbane, Dr William Webber. Previously, Buckeridge worked in London as an architect following his training with prominent British ecclesiastical architect, John Loughborough Pearson and studied at the Royal Academy of Arts and the Architectural Association. His appointment to the Diocese of Brisbane was to assist Webber on an ambitious church building program. Following the death of his wife, Buckeridge accepted the position in Queensland where one of his principal jobs was the supervision of the St Johns Church of England Cathedral, designed by his former principal, JL Pearson. Buckeridge worked in the position of Diocesan Architect officially until 1902 although for many of the later years he lived in Sydney. He designed about 60 timber churches throughout south east Queensland, including Christ Church, Milton (1891); along with a number of public and commercial buildings including the Gresham Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The design Buckeridge provided for the Lady Bowen Hospital was for a two storeyed brick building with substantial basement level and with capacity for fifty patients. The building was constructed by local contractor, John Quinn who won the tender for construction of the building for £6,200. The ground floor of the building housed an entrance hall, a sewing room for nurses and wards with bathrooms and linen rooms, Above on the first floor, were a number of wards, and below in the basement were the nurses&#39; dining room and kitchens. A separate building to the rear of the hospital was used for septic cases.</p><br>
<p>The foundation stone of the new hospital was laid by Lady Alice Norman, wife of Queensland Governor Henry Wylie Norman, on 29 May 1889. The hospital was officially opened on Saturday 28 December 1889 by Lady OConnell. The first patients were admitted to the hospital on 1 January 1890. No major additions or alterations were made to the complex until 1923 when the government approved the expenditure of £15,000 for the construction of a Nurses Quarters to the west of the original building.</p><br>
<p>The introduction of the Hospitals Act 1923 established an alternate structure with regional hospital boards for the management of Queensland hospitals. The management of the Lady Bowen Lying-In Hospital was vested in the Brisbane and South Coast Hospital Board from 1924. This brought about standardised practice throughout Queensland hospitals and official government contributions to the funding of hospitals. The Queensland Government took over full responsibility for the running of hospitals in 1945. The Ladies&#39; Committee officially disbanded in 1924, although they retained an advisory role on the new board of management.</p><br>
<p>By the 1920s, the Lady Bowen Hospital was seen to require upgrading and repairs. With growing concern over the high incidence of infant mortality, legislation was passed in the form of the Maternity Act 1922 to provide support and care for children and mothers. The Hospitals Board commissioned a report from the Professor of Obstetrics at the University of Sydney who recommended the construction of a new obstetrics hospital in the grounds of the Brisbane General Hospital at Herston. The Hospitals Board were given government approval and funding in line with government platform, increasing support for womens and childrens healthcare. The construction of a new obstetrics hospital, known as the Brisbane Women&#39;s Hospital was approved in 1929 and was opened in 1938. During this period Lady Bowen continued to operate and an operating theatre was constructed and sewerage system installed.</p><br>
<p>The Lady Bowen Hospital was closed and staff and patients were transferred to the new womens hospital which opened on 26 March 1938. This heralded an era of short term leasees and alterations to the buildings of the former Lady Bowen Hospital which continues to the present day. The many tenants who have occupied the buildings since 1938 include the Bridge Board, the Social Service League, Essential and Emergency Services of the Civil Defence Organisation, the Australian Army Canteen Services, the Stanley River Works Board, the Returned Sailors, Soldiers and Airmens Imperial League of Australia, the Queensland State Archives, Agricultural Project (later the Agricultural and Environmental Education Branch and later, the Brisbane Urban Environmental Education Centre), the Australian Music Examination Board, Apprenticeship Board of Queensland, Department of Health (Chest Clinic for the Division of Health and Medical Physics) and the Queensland Writers Centre.</p><br>
<p>Of the tenants who have occupied the buildings since the relocation of the hospital, the various Army related tenants during World War II were most significant. The obvious impact of this tenancy was the construction of the two storeyed timber framed and fibrous-sheeting clad building on the corner of Wickham Terrace and Robert Street. In the early stages of the War the site was occupied by the Air Raid Wardens Organisation which became later the Civil Defence Organisation. In 1943 the site was acquired for use as a servicemans club, known as Anzac House. During this occupation the Royal Australian Engineers Unit were responsible for the conversion of the hospital into a hostel with dining and other recreational facilities. Across Wickham Terrace, in Albert Park, a related dance pavilion was constructed. This has since been demolished.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Lady Bowen Hospital complex comprises three buildings, situated on the northern side of Wickham Terrace, overlooking Albert Park. The central building is the 1890 hospital, the oldest on the site and the original two storeyed brick Lady Bowen Hospital. To the west is a 1923 two storeyed brick Nurses Quarters and to the east of the 1890 building is a timber framed and fibrous sheeting clad building constructed for use as a servicemans club.</p><br>
<h3>Original Hospital</h3><br>
<p>The 1890 building has a complex plan which essentially comprises a front section which addresses Wickham Terrace and a long rectangular rear ward section running east west and connected to the front via common verandahs and the centrally located internal stair. The division of the two parts of the building indicates the original division between the front-of-house public areas of the hospital and the rear private ward section. The separation of these two sections reflects the fear of the spread of airborne germs.</p><br>
<p>The hospital is a load-bearing structure of rendered brick, with enclosed verandahs of fibrous cement sheeting and glass louvres changing the nature of the facades which assume a less articulated appearance. The building is two storeyed with a basement beneath the rear wing. The corrugated iron clad roof is complex with a series of hips, half hips and tapering hipped projections above the bay windows.</p><br>
<p>The front wing of the building was constructed as the entrance and to house the public areas of the hospital. This section has a square plan with two double storeyed bay windows articulating the facades. The principal entrance to the building is centrally located on the ground floor of the southern facade of the front wing. The entrance is flanked by segmental arched window openings glazed with three hopper panels. The rear wing is rectangular planned, as expected of early hospital ward planning with cross ventilation allowed through all internal rooms.</p><br>
<p>The northern, rear facade of the building, is lined with a modern steel framed verandah which is linked to the rear verandahs of the adjacent buildings on the site. This facade is lined with early timber framed window openings and early doors, with some more recent penetrations.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the original hospital retains much of its 1890s character, with plaster rendered walls, plaster detailing, timber boarded floors and plaster rendered ceilings concealed by a suspended grid ceiling system. The basement floor of the building has concrete floors, rendered brick walls and, in some rooms, ripple iron clad ceilings. The internal stair is located between the front core of the building and the rear wing and is a substantial nineteenth century concrete structure with extant stair window and balustrading.</p><br>
<h3>Former Nurses' Quarters</h3><br>
<p>The 1923 Nurses&#39; Quarters is a substantial two storeyed building comprising a rendered brick wing facing Wickham Terrace from the rear of which runs a long rectangular planned wing, flanked by verandahs to the east and west. The building is designed in the Arts and Crafts idiom with overscaled classical features.</p><br>
<p>The front wing is constructed to the line of the Wickham Terrace footpath and has a hipped roof clad with corrugated iron. On the ridge line of this section of the roof is a substantial eight sided timber framed fleche with pyramidal roof. The eaves of the roof overhang the walls and are lined with timber boards.</p><br>
<p>This front section of the building is constructed from brick on reinforced concrete foundations. The external elevations of this section of the building are divided into two sections, giving external expression to the internal floor levels. The lower part of the elevation, originally face brick and now painted is capped with a ceramic tiled string course. The upper section is rendered with roughcast stucco. The facade of the building is symmetrically composed around a central round arched opening giving access to a recessed porch. The arch is surrounded by brick voussoirs, a large rendered keystone and several more regularly spaced overscaled rendered voussoirs. Flanking the archway on the ground floor are two vertical hung sash windows with timber framed and mullioned glass panels. These openings are surmounted by a brick header and rendered keystone and have concrete rendered sills. Similar openings line the eastern and western side walls of this section of the building. The upper level of the front facade of the building is lined with three window openings, which are also repeated on the side walls. These openings are fitted with vertical hung sash windows and sit on the line of the first floor string course, and have no decorative mouldings. The rear of the building has a discrete hipped roof, also clad with corrugated iron sheeting, the verandahs to the east and west are infilled.</p><br>
<p>General the interior comprises concrete slab floor, rendered brick walls and partitions and fibrous sheeted ceilings housed in a decorative timber grid like system. The skirtings and cornices throughout the buildings are rendered concrete and simple in execution.</p><br>
<h3>C1943 Building</h3><br>
<p>This two storeyed buildings sits on the corner of Wickham Terrace and Robert Street and has an T-shaped plan. The building is timber framed and clad with fibrous-sheeting, which in some areas has been vandalised creating holes. The shallow pitched, half-hipped roof is clad with corrugated iron. The building is lined with discrete timber framed windows glazed with arctic glass.</p><br>
<p>The principal entrance to this building on the western end of the southern facade and is through a single half glazed door. This entrance is emphasised externally by a panel of glazing which extends upward over the two storeys of the building and also serves to light the internal stair well which is positioned here. To the north, rear of the building is a brick service wing which houses bathroom and kitchen facilities internally.</p><br>
<p>Internally this building is lined with fibrous cement sheeting on the walls and ceilings throughout. The outer edges of the ceilings taper downwards creating a substantial cornice feature. The proliferation of windows throughout the building contribute to naturally well lit and ventilated interior spaces. The stair hall is a dog leg timber stair with balustrade clad with fibrous sheeting.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The former Lady Bowen Hospital was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Lady Bowen Hospital, Wickham Terrace was constructed in 1890 as the second purpose built home of the Brisbane Lying-In Hospital, established to provide health care and support to pregnant women who would otherwise not receive medical care during pregnancy or at childbirth. The Ladies Committee who established and managed the hospital from its inception in 1864 to its takeover by the Brisbane and South Coast Hospitals Board in 1924, worked toward achieving major advances in the field of obstetrics in Queensland, and the Lady Bowen Hospital was the precursor of the 1938 Brisbane Women&#39;s Hospital. The place demonstrates the evolution of health care, particularly obstetrics in Queensland, beginning as a nineteenth century charitable institution and became a core government funded service.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The place is a rare surviving nineteenth century Queensland hospital and a unique nineteenth century lying-in or maternity hospital.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates the principle characteristics of the nineteenth century pavilion planned hospital in its location on the outskirts of the central business area, situated on an elevated site overlooking a park and also with its internal planning creating well ventilated and naturally lit wards.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The former Lady Bowen Hospital is a Brisbane landmark. The place is a large complex of sympathetically designed buildings, which despite more recent renovations, are of architectural merit, for their composition and detailing.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Lady Bowen Hospital has strong associations with the Ladies Committee who were critical in the early provision of obstetric services and the place has a special association with early patron, Lady Diamantina Roma Bowen, for whom the hospital was named.</p><br>
<p>The Quetta Memorial Precinct is a heritage-listed Anglican church precinct in Douglas Street, Thursday Island, Shire of Torres, Queensland, Australia. The precinct comprises the All Souls and St Bartholomews Cathedral Church, the Bishops House, and the Church Hall.The precinct was built as a memorial to the 134 lives lost in the shipwreck of the RMS Quetta on 28 February 1890.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Quetta Memorial Precinct on Thursday Island was established in the early 1890s. The principal buildings on the site are:</p><br>
<p>The Bishops House (Bishops College), erected in 1891 as the residence for the first rector of the Church of England parish of Thursday Island, and which in 1900 became the residence of the first Bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Carpentaria</p><br>
<p>All Souls and St Bartholomew&#39;s Cathderal Church and Quetta Memorial, erected in stages between 1893 and 1964/65</p><br>
<p>the Church Hall, erected in 1902-03 as the Parish Institute</p><br>
<p>the Rectory, erected in 1904.</p><br>
<p>Thursday Island (indigenous name: Waiben) is located within the Prince of Wales (Muralag) group, just off the northwest tip of Cape York Peninsula. The original inhabitants of the Muralag islands, the Kaurareg people, shared some cultural characteristics with Cape York Aborigines and spoke the same basic language, Kala Lagaw Ya. However, the Kaurareg were a maritime people who lived from harvesting the sea, shifting camp sites regularly. Waiben had a restricted water supply, and it is thought that no permanent Kaurareg settlement was established there.</p><br>
<p>During the first half of the 19th century British shipping began to make regular use of Torres Strait, entering into a passing trade with the Islanders. Colonial occupation commenced in the 1860s and 1870s with the arrival of beche-de-mer crews, pearl-shellers, Protestant missionaries from the southwestern Pacific, and government officials.</p><br>
<p>Queensland had no jurisdiction over the Torres Strait until its annexation in 1872 of the islands of the southern half of the Strait, a measure intended largely to protect Queensland interests in the pearl-shelling and beche-de-mer fisheries in the Strait and along the Barrier Reef, and to regulate the employment of South Sea Islanders in these enterprises. At annexation, Torres Strait Islanders acquired the same official status as mainland Aborigines.</p><br>
<p>In 1877 the official Queensland Government settlement at Somerset on Cape York Peninsula (established 1864) was moved to the newly surveyed town of Port Kennedy on the southern side of Thursday Island. The new location provided a sheltered, deepwater anchorage, and was more centrally located along the main shipping route through the inner channel of Torres Strait, the principal trade route to Asia and the northern route to England. In 1879, at British Colonial Office direction, Queensland jurisdiction was extended to the islands of the northern half of the Torres Strait.</p><br>
<p>The first Christian missionaries to establish a presence in the Torres Strait were associated with the London Missionary Society. From 1871, as the first step in bringing Christianity to Papual New Guinea, the Society began to land its Pacific Islander teachers (mostly from the Loyalty Islands) in the Torres Strait, at Erub (Darnley Island), Tutu (Warrior Island) and Dauan (Cornwallis) islands in July 1871, and at Mabuiag (Jervis)), Moa (Banks), Massid (Yorke) and Saibai islands in 1872. These lay teachers brought an indigenised form of Protestantism to the Torres Strait, reinforced the status of the Straits Pacific Islander maritime workers, and paved the way for European missionaries. From 1871 to the mid-1880s, Congregational missionary the Rev. Dr Samuel MacFarlane headed the western division of the London Missionary Societys New Guinea mission. He was based initially at Erub, then moved to Dauan, where he established a school for island boys.</p><br>
<p>Torres Strait Islanders now refer to the arrival of the Christian missionaries in the Torres Strait in July 1871 as "the coming of the light", a cause for celebration and memorial:"For generations of Islanders the arrival of the missionaries has marked the divide between darkness and light. They brought deliverance from a life most preferred to forget, certain aspects of which had become anathema to their religion, and to their idea of themselves as a civilised people.... Just lately the Islanders have begun to look back on bipotaim (time prior to the coming of the missionaries in 1871) more favourably, and while they remain devoutly Christian, a growing number now seek in elements of the pre-colonial culture the means to reaffirm their identity as Torres Strait Islanders and so strengthen their sense of community."By the mid-1880s nearly the whole of the Torres Strait Islander population was nominally Christian. French Catholic missionaries established a presence on Thursday Island in 1884-85, but Protestantism was well-established in the Torres Strait by this date.</p><br>
<p>In 1878, shortly after the establishment of permanent settlement on Thursday Island in 1877, the Church of England Diocese of North Queensland separated from the Diocese of Sydney, with the Right Rev. George Henry Stanton consecrated as the first bishop. The new diocese constituted a vast area of about 300,000 square miles, bounded on the west by the Queensland–South Australian border, on the south by latitude 22°S, on the east by the ocean, and encompassing the islands of the Torres Strait.</p><br>
<p>Anglican services on Thursday Island were held initially at the Court House, conducted by lay preachers and occasional visiting clergy. In 1885–1886 a substantial block of land in the main street, bounded by Douglas (formerly Tully), Jardine and Chester Streets, and adjacent to the Catholic missionaries, was vested in the Synod of the Diocese of North Queensland for church purposes. In April 1887 the first Anglican church committee on Thursday Island met to arrange for regular visits from a Church of England curate, and in June a church building fund was established. Little more was accomplished, however, until a tragic shipwreck in the Torres Strait in 1890 proved a catalyst for the construction of an Anglican church on Thursday Island.</p><br>
<p>On the night of 28 February 1890 the British mail and passenger ship RMS Quetta struck an uncharted rock in the Adolphus Channel, off Albany Island, and sank with the loss of 133 lives. It remains one of Queenslands and Australias worst maritime disasters. The ship was en route to Britain, and carried nearly 300 passengers, many of them from prominent Queensland families. Most of the Europeans on board were drowned, and the loss was felt throughout colonial Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after the accident a visiting Anglican priest, the Rev. AA Maclaren, conducted a burial service over the site of the wreck of the Quetta. At a meeting of the Thursday Island Church of England Committee on 10 April 1890, Rev. Maclaren proposed that members of the Anglican Church be invited to subscribe to the erection of a church on Thursday Island, as a memorial to those lost in the Quetta. The idea was put to a general meeting of Thursday Island&#39;s Anglican congregation, held at the courthouse on 20 July 1890 and chaired by Bishop Stanton, where it was resolved:</p><br>
<p>That in the opinion of this meeting, it is desirable that a Church and Parsonage be erected on Thursday Island; the Church to be a fitting memorial of those who were lost in the wreck of the "Quetta" on the night of February the 28th last, and that the Church Committee take the necessary steps for carrying this into effect.</p><br>
<p>Some discussion ensued as to whether the memorial should be a Union Church, but only an Anglican church could be erected on Church of England property.</p><br>
<p>The first step was to attract a resident minister. In 1891 a rectory was built from locally raised subscriptions. Situated on the high ground of the Church of England property, at the northeast end of the site, the rectory was highset on timber stumps, of exposed timber stud-framing, lined with deep chamferboards, and surrounded by verandahs. It had a centrally positioned front door, and french doors with fanlights opening onto the front verandah. Once the rectory was completed, Rev. William Maitland Woods was installed as the first incumbent clergyman of the parish of Thursday Island, and canvassing began for funds for construction of a Memorial Church - a durable edifice, of artistic proportions, worthy of its commemorative intentions. Nearly &pound;1600 was subscribed at this first appeal, from all over Australia and from Britain, and not restricted to Anglicans. Thursday Island&#39;s Presbyterians were particularly supportive of the project.</p><br>
<p>After considering the cost of brick or stone, the Church Building Committee decided that the memorial church should be constructed in concrete, and commissioned a design from John Hingeston Buckeridge, Brisbane&#39;s Anglican diocesan architect from February 1887 until 1902. Buckeridge designed about 60 churches in southern Queensland and later church and mission buildings in British New Guinea. Like many Queensland architects, he was declared bankrupt in 1892, following the collapse of the building industry during the depression of the early 1890s, and moved from Brisbane to Sydney. He prepared the design for the Quetta Memorial Church in 1892-1893, most likely from Sydney. The original design was for a Gothic Revival style building with chancel, nave of 5 bays in length, aisles, bell tower spire, vestries, and side entrances. However, like many Queensland churches, the Quetta Memorial Church was constructed in stages, as funds became available, and was never completed as originally designed.</p><br>
<p>The Hon. John Douglas, Government Resident at Thursday Island and a staunch supporter of the project, laid the foundation stone on 24 May 1893. Six months later, on 12 November 1893, the completed sanctuary/chancel (built to slightly smaller dimensions than the original design) was consecrated by the Right Rev. Dr Christopher Barlow, the second Bishop of North Queensland, as All Souls Quetta Memorial Church. At this time Douglas made an appeal for the Bishop to permit clergymen of other Protestant denominations to conduct services in the church, but the Bishop made no formal statement on this.</p><br>
<p>By mid-1895 the chancel and four-fifths of the nave had been completed. The concrete side arches to the nave had been constructed, but were clad externally with temporary timber boarding, until the aisles could be built. A skillion-roofed timber vestry had been erected on the western side of the church, off the chancel. There was no debt on the building, but the Church Building Committee was anxious to complete Buckeridge&#39;s design, and a second appeal for funds was launched in 1895. At this time the church was promoted as a focus for missionary work in the Diocese of North Queensland, and already attracted numbers of Japanese and South Sea Islanders - groups prominent in the Torres Strait pearl-shell industry. At the same time the Bishop of North Queensland, Dr Barlow, was working toward the establishment of a new far northern diocese, the centre of which was likely to be at Thursday Island - in which case the Quetta Memorial Church would become a Cathedral.</p><br>
<p>It appears that by 1901 the aisles had been constructed, but in timber, which was a temporary measure. These had lancet windows along the sides, as in Buckeridge&#39;s original design. The building seated about 250 persons, in wooden chairs rather than pews, was already a place of pilgrimage, and something of a tourist attraction. A number of relics from the wreck of the Quetta were displayed, and there were various memorials to persons who had died in, or had been saved from, the Quetta, as well as relics or memorials to other Torres Strait shipwrecks. The association of the place with the Torres Strait, and with the sea, was very strong.</p><br>
<p>In the second half of the 1890s Bishop Barlow travelled to England, where he raised &pound;10,000 as a minimum endowment for a new diocese, which produced a small annual income of &pound;300. On 3 August 1900, the Anglican Diocese of Carpentaria was created, encompassing the Torres Strait, Cape York Peninsula, the Southern Gulf of Carpentaria and the whole of the Northern Territory. In Queensland the boundary of the new diocese extended to south of Port Douglas, with Cairns remaining in the Diocese of North Queensland. There was no large population centre in the whole of the new diocese. Access was principally by sea, and so Thursday Island, centrally located on a major shipping route, was chosen as the seat of the Bishop. The Ven. Gilbert White, Archdeacon of North Queensland, was consecrated as the first Bishop of the Missionary Diocese of Carpentaria, at St Andrews Cathedral, Sydney, on St Bartholomews Day, 24 August 1900, and was installed at Thursday Island on 18 November 1900. At this time the All Souls Quetta Memorial Church became the All Souls Cathedral Church and Quetta Memorial.</p><br>
<p>Thursday Island parishioners agreed that the Bishop should be appointed Dean of the Cathedral, with a Sub-Dean to be appointed to take charge of parochial matters. The cathedral was also to be used for parochial purposes. The existing rectory was to be taken over by the Diocese as the See House, or Bishop&#39;s House, and a new residence was to be provided for the clergyman of the Thursday Island parish.</p><br>
<p>The new Bishop had a formidable task ahead, and little funding. Fearing that it would be difficult to attract clergy to the Diocese, he proposed to establish a Diocesan theological training college on Thursday Island. This was made possible following an undertaking by Lord Beauchamp, Governor of New South Wales, to support three students at the Theological Training College for three years, from 1 January 1901. The Primate of Australia and others contributed towards a fourth studentship. The new theological college was known as Bishops College, and was established in the See House on Thursday Island, which in late 1900-early 1901 was enlarged to 11 rooms, providing accommodation for 4 college students, as well as the Bishop and the Thursday Island rector. It is likely that the side and rear verandahs were first enclosed at this stage, and there was an ecclesiastical arched timber balustrade to the front verandah by this date. Bishop White travelled widely through his diocese, and the See House on Thursday Island was used primarily as the Bishops College. In 1903, Lord Beauchamp renewed his support, but the college closed in 1907 following the establishment of a parochial theological college at Nundah.</p><br>
<p>In 1901 Bishop White also attempted to establish a School for Girls in the Japanese Schoolroom at Thursday Island. A number of Japanese were very active in the Church of England on Thursday Island in the late 1890s. By January 1901 some Anglican services were being conducted in Japanese (through an interpreter), and the Japanese community had erected a small building known as the Japanese Schoolroom on Church of England property. Little is known about this building, but it seems to have been used mainly for conducting evening English classes. The building also served on occasions as a venue for Church meetings. Whether or not the venue was the deterrent, the Girls&#39; School was not supported, and closed within a few months.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1900s both the Bishop and the local parish worked to improve the Church of England premises on Thursday Island. In the period 1901-1904 a parish hall and a new rectory were erected, the whole of the church ground was fenced, a belltower was built, renovations were made to the Japanese Schoolroom, and additions were made to the South Sea Home - both the latter established on Church property in the 1890s.</p><br>
<p>By January 1902, with Bishop White&#39;s encouragement, the local parish had decided to erect a Parish Institute, a purpose-designed church hall in which to hold parochial meetings, social gatherings, church society meetings, a Sunday School, etc. The construction of this hall was considered essential to the expansion of the work of the parish. Funds were raised in 1902, tenders were called in October that year, and the foundation stone was laid by Hon. John Douglas, Government Resident and a Church of England warden, on 8 November 1902. The building was of timber construction, and measured 50ft by 25ft, with a 9ft deep verandah along front and sides. It was designed by John Hamilton Park, of Cairns, who had trained as an architect under FDG Stanley in the 1880s, and who in 1899 was foreman for the construction of military works on Thursday Island, where he also practised as an architect for a short period. The building was erected by contractors Byres and Young, of Thursday Island, and was officially opened by Bishop White on 21 January 1903.</p><br>
<p>Other ground improvements during the first half of 1903 included the construction of a belfry tower (with a bell purchased from Townsville), and the enclosure of the Cathedral grounds with a picket fence of "gothic design" along Douglas Street, and wire netting at the rear of the property. The Japanese also raised funds to improve their school.</p><br>
<p>In October 1903 a deputation of prominent Thursday Island citizens, including the Hon. John Douglas, petitioned Bishop White to allow visiting clergymen of other denominations to preach at the Cathedral. The claim was made on the grounds that other denominations, particularly the Presbyterians, had contributed significantly to the construction of the Quetta Memorial Church in the 1890s. The Bishop deliberated over this, but having studied early minutes, it was clear that the original intention had been to erect an Anglican church, and in December 1903 he refused the petition. In February 1904 the Bishop modified his position by offering visiting ministers the use of the parish institute, but he would not be moved on the issue of use of the Cathedral.</p><br>
<p>In 1904 a new timber rectory was built in the church grounds, completed to accommodate a new minister and his wife who arrived on Thursday Island in September. Also, by October 1904, the South Sea Home, apparently situated on the Church of England property, had been extended.</p><br>
<p>A description of the Anglican community on Thursday Island in 1905 reveals a multi-cultural community, whose economy and culture were connected closely with the sea:The congregation of the cathedral is an interesting one, comprising soldiers from the garrison, pearl-shellers, visitors from ships, South Sea Island and Japanese communicants, in addition to the white population, and often a detachment of native Christians from Mobiag or one of the other Torres Straits islands. Special prayer is offered daily for "those engaged in fishing, travelling, or doing their business in the great waters," and few strangers visit Thursday Island without a pilgrimage to the cathedral and its relics of the dangers of the deep.Following the death of the Hon. John Douglas in 1904, it was decided to complete in concrete the northeast aisle of the cathedral as the Douglas Memorial Chapel, to serve for daily services and devotional meetings. Plans were commissioned from JH Buckeridge, but fund raising for this project took many years. The Chapel was finally opened on St Peters Day, 29 June 1913. It contained a memorial stained glass window executed by Kayll and Reed of Leeds, of an elderly St John (in the likeness of John Douglas) at Patmos, which was donated by Torres Strait Islanders. Almost immediately, fundraising began for completion of the southwest aisle, which was opened on 20 June 1915. The new aisles deviated from Buckeridges 1892 design, in that they now had rows of paired, lancet-shaped arched doors along the sides, which when opened, made the cathedral extremely light and cool.</p><br>
<p>A number of memorials were placed in the cathedral in the early years of the 20th century. These included:</p><br>
<p>a marble plaque in memory of over 300 persons lost during the cyclone of 5 March 1899, which decimated the pearl-shell fleet and light-station staff off the east coast of Cape York Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>a marble font dedicated on 9 November 1902 to the London Missionary Society missionaries Rev. James Chalmers and Rev. Oliver Tomkins, who were killed in British New Guinea in 1901. Rev. Chalmers had worked for many years in New Guinea, was well known in the Torres Strait and at Thursday Island, and the subscription for the memorial font was raised from amongst all sectors of the Thursday Island community, not just Anglicans. The original marble columns were replaced in 1973.</p><br>
<p>a memorial brass tablet in honour of Hugh Milman, unveiled on 7 October 1913: IN MEMORY OF HUGH MILMAN, Government Resident at Thursday Island, who served Queensland faithfully for thirty years. He was kind of heart, true to his friends, and an earnest supporter of this Church, which he served as Parochial Councillor and Churchwarden. He died September 23rd 1911.</p><br>
<p>two memorial stained glass windows, ordered from England, dedicated in November 1915. One was in memory of Deaconess Buchanan, well known in northern Queensland at the time; the other was in memory of Mr and Mrs Alexander Archer, who were drowned in the Quetta. Mr Archer was an inspector with the Bank of New South Wales in Brisbane, and the memorial was subscribed to by senior members of the Bank staff.</p><br>
<p>Late in 1914 the London Missionary Society approached the Bishop of Carpentaria with a request that the Diocese take over the Societys Torres Strait Mission. The offer was accepted, and the hand-over was formalised in March 1915. On 1 July 1915 the Rev JJE Done was appointed to take charge of the Mission, establishing his headquarters on Mabuiag Island. In September a second priest was appointed to St Pauls on Moa Island (established ) and in 1917 a third priest was stationed at Darnley Island, taking over Darnley, Murray, Stephens and Massig (Yorke) islands. As Torres Strait Islanders converted from Congregational to Anglican practices, All Souls&#39; Cathedral Church and Quetta Memorial became increasingly the focus of religious life in the Torres Strait.</p><br>
<p>During the Second World War most of the civilian population of Thursday Island was evacuated to the mainland, and the Island became a garrison town. During this period services continued to be held at the Cathedral, and oral history suggests that the church hall was requisitioned for military purposes.</p><br>
<p>The 1960s was a period of change within the Diocese of Carpentaria. The front of the cathedral was extended in 1964-1965, but not to Buckeridges original concept. In 1965 St Bartholomew was declared the patron saint of the Cathedral, which became known as The Cathedral Church of All Souls and St Bartholomew (Quetta Memorial). In 1968 the Diocese of the Northern Territory separated from the Diocese of Carpentaria, and around this time the Bishops House on Thursday Island was renovated, with substantial internal changes.</p><br>
<p>Memorials placed in the Cathedral in the late 20th century include a timber screen of very fine traditional Islander work, carved by Abia Ingui of Boigu Island, which was placed between the Blessed Sacrament Chapel and the low altar in 1989. Vibrant stained glass windows, designed by artist Oliver Cowley, were placed in the clerestory in the 1980s. In 1989 the Cathedral was re-roofed.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, after nearly a century, the Diocese of Carpentaria was re-absorbed by the Diocese of North Queensland. At this time the Bishop&#39;s House on Thursday Island was vacated. The Cathedral still provides an important focus for the Anglican parishes of the Torres Strait, which today comprise Bamaga, Coconut Island, Darnley & Stephen Islands, Kubin & Moa Islands, Mabuiag, Murray Island, Saibai & Dauan Islands, Thursday Island, and Yorke Island.</p><br>
<p>All Souls and St Bartholomews Cathedral Church (Quetta Memorial) remains a focus not only for Christian worship and ceremony in the Torres Strait, but also for Torres Strait Islander identity, and plays a leadership role in the community. The ceremonial signing of the Torres Strait Regional Agreement, along with a special church service, were celebrated here on 1 July 1994, a date co-inciding with the annual celebration of the "Coming of the Light" (the arrival of Christian missionaries to the Strait on 1 July 1871). A strong spirituality and sense of self-determination are considered by many Torres Strait Islanders to be the two pillars of local society: if one is missing, the community is "unbalanced".</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Anglican precinct on Thursday Island is located at the southwest end of the island, in the oldest section of the town, one street back from the foreshore. The site is bounded by on the southeast by Douglas (formerly Tully) Street, on the southwest by Jardine Street, on the northwest by Chester Street, and on the northeast by the Catholic precinct. The land slopes slightly toward the southeast and the Douglas Street frontage, which has a low concrete fence extending in front of the church and church hall grounds. Several houses at the southwest end of the site, although church property, are not included in the heritage listing.</p><br>
<p>The principal structures on the site include:</p><br>
<p>the Bishop&#39;s House (1891)</p><br>
<p>All Souls and St Bartholomews Cathedral Church (Quetta Memorial) (1893-1965)</p><br>
<p>the Church Hall (1902-03)</p><br>
<p>the Rectory (1904).</p><br>
<p>The grounds contain a number of memorials, a bell tower, mature plantings, garden paths, stone-edged gardens and fencing.</p><br>
<h3>The Church</h3><br>
<p>The Quetta Memorial is a late 19th/early 20th century Gothic Revival style church in mass concrete, rendered to resemble stonework, with a 1960s front extension of concrete and fibrous cement sheeting. The whole rests on concrete foundations.</p><br>
<p>The chancel/sanctuary and the earliest section of the nave are housed under separate, steeply pitched, gabled roofs which have late 20th century corrugated iron roof cladding. Typical of this style of church design, the chancel/sanctuary roof is lower than that of the nave, but, unusually for an Anglican church, is at the northwest end of the building, such that the entrance to the nave is from the southeast, which faces Douglas Street, the main street in the town of Thursday Island. The earliest section of the nave is four bays in length, with a clerestory. The southeast gabled end of the nave has later sheeting, mimicking timber boarding, and replacing earlier weatherboards. The nave has a single-storeyed, skillion-roofed aisle along either side, in which the bays are articulated by concrete piers, and with pairs of lancet-shaped arched timber doors in each bay. The southwest aisle extends to incorporate a vestry, accessed off the chancel/sanctuary. Windows in the clerestory, sanctuary, chancel and at the ends of the aisles, are lancet-shaped and have fixed stained-glass memorial panels.</p><br>
<p>There is a 1960s addition to the front (southeast), which extends the nave and aisles by two and a half bays. It does not replicate the earlier structure, having a distinctive style and separate form, with a single roof, much less steeply pitched than that of the earlier nave, and considerably lower, extending across both nave and aisles. The side walls of this extension are of concrete with articulated bays. On either side, the bay closest to the original nave has a square headed timber door with a fixed stained glass panel (rectangular) above. There are casement windows in the next bay, on either side, again with a stained-glass panel above. The front of this extension is timber-framed with fibrous cement sheeting and cover-strips, and has a pair of centrally positioned, aluminium-framed glass entrance doors, with stained glass memorial windows either side. There is a small, cantilevered, ply-covered awning over the front doors, and above this are two round windows with fixed stained-glass panels. These both feature ship motifs. On either side of the entrance is a bank of clear-glass, hopper windows. Internally, the early section of the nave has a high open ceiling, timber lined (unpainted), with exposed timber trusses. There is a fine timber ventilation frieze along the full length of the side walls of both the nave and the chancel/sanctuary, just beneath the roof. Interior walls are rendered to resemble stonework, and the floors are of concrete. Reflecting church liturgical practices of its era, the floor of the chancel is raised above that of the nave, and the floor of the sanctuary, at the far end of the chancel, is raised further. The high altar is placed here, three steps above the floor of the chancel. At the southeastern end of the chancel, projecting into the nave, is the low altar, which rests on a concrete platform raised two steps above the floor of the nave, but one step below the floor of the chancel. Both altars are constructed of local granite in a random rubble pattern. A pulpit of moulded concrete is located on the concrete platform in front of the chancel, on the southwest side. The nave has two rows of timber pews, and there are timber choir stalls in the chancel.</p><br>
<p>The early section of the nave is separated from the aisles by lancet-shaped concrete arches with plain mouldings, which support the roof structure. At the northwest end of the northeast aisle is a small chapel, separated form the remainder of the aisle by a low timber railing, and from the nave by a carved timber screen of indigenous design.</p><br>
<p>The 1960s extension has a much lower ceiling, clad with fibrous cement sheeting. The side concrete walls are rendered, but the front wall, which is timber framed, is lined with fibrous-cement sheeting. Square concrete pillars follow the line of the arches between the earlier nave and the aisles, and support the roof of this section. The extension floor is of concrete.</p><br>
<p>The church contains many relics and memorials associated with the wreck of the Quetta in 1890, with other Torres Strait shipwrecks, and with persons closely associated with the work of the church.</p><br>
<p>Quetta "relics" include a lifebelt, washed ashore on Albany Island; and a porthole, thickly encrusted with coral growth, and the Quettas stern riding light, both of which were salvaged from the wreck in 1906. A slab of timber on which the diocesan arms is carved and painted, the top of a small credence table, and a palm stand to the memory of Edgar Dawson, are made from Quetta timbers. In addition to the relics from the ship, many of the church furnishings are memorials given by families and friends of Quetta passengers, including a brass offeratory plate, lectern and plaques (including a memorial plaque to two young girls from the Lacy family, one of whom survived the wreck, and one of whom drowned); and a window in memory of Alexander and Louisa Archer, who drowned in the wreck. There is a framed early photograph of the Quetta, and a 1911 plaque with the inscription:This Cathedral was erected TO THE GLORY OF GOD and in memory of those lost in the wreck of the BI SS QUETTA 3484 tons which about 9.14pm on FRIDAY 28TH FEB. 1890, struck an unchartered rock in the ADOLPHUS CHANNEL whilst outbound from Brisbane to London, and although in calm waters and bright moonlight, sank within three minutes with the loss of 133 lives out of a total of 293 on board. Presented by GRS February 1911.In addition, there is a brass plaque with the inscription:This memorial stone was placed here by the Hon. John Douglas CMG Govt Resident May 24th 1893 This Church was consecrated by the Right Rev CG Barlow Bishop of North Queensland Nov 12th 1893 as a memorial of those who were lost in the SS Quetta Feb 28th 1890 and as a thanksgiving offering for those who were saved.In the church grounds west of the sanctuary/chancel is a steel frame supporting a ship&#39;s bell with the lettering QUETTA and the date 1881. Beneath is a stone plaque on the ground, with the inscription:This bell was rededicated on the centenary of the loss of the "RMS Quetta" 28th February 1990. Anthony, Bishop of CarpentariaOther relics/memorials not associated with the Quetta include:</p><br>
<p>two benches from the wreck of the Volga</p><br>
<p>a Union Jack taken down on Green Hill Fort at the proclamation of Federation on 1 January 1901</p><br>
<p>various memorial stained glass windows</p><br>
<p>various memorial plaques, including those to the Hon John Douglas and Hugh Milman, both of whom served as Government Residents on Thursday Island. There is also a marble plaque in memory of over 300 persons who perished in Cyclone Mahina off Cape Melville on 5 March 1899, in which 73 vessels (mostly pearl-shell luggers) were wrecked or foundered.</p><br>
<p>Just inside the front entrance is a marble and timber font, installed in 1902, which is a memorial to two Congregational missionaries, Rev. James Chalmers and Rev. Oliver Tomkins, who were killed in British New Guinea in 1901. The stand has been refurbished.</p><br>
<p>In the front grounds of the church, just south of the main entrance, is a concrete memorial erected in 1961 to commemorate of the arrival of the Christian missionaries in 1871. The plaque on the front reads:Thank God for the first missionaries who, on 1st July 1871 at Darnley Island brought The Light of Christ to the Torres Straits. The concrete platform on which the obelisk and cross stands is in the shape of a small boat.There is a steel-framed bell tower, resting on a concrete platform adjoining the northeast side of the church, which is likely to date from the 1960s when the front extension was constructed. The brass bell is understood to be that obtained from Townsville.</p><br>
<h3>The Church Hall</h3><br>
<p>The Church Hall (Parish Institute) is located close to the Douglas Street frontage at the eastern end of the site. It is a substantial timber-framed building, rectangular in form, with verandahs to front and sides, resting on concrete stumps no more than 900mm high at the front, and almost at ground level at the rear. It has a high gabled roof, clad in corrugated iron, which extends in bungalow fashion over the side verandahs. The front gabled end has chamferboards and is decorated with a tall finial. The rear gabled end has weatherboards. The front verandah has a separate roof with a small centrally positioned gabled pediment. Both front and southwest verandahs have plain timber posts, but the northeast verandah is enclosed with later profiled iron sheeting and louvred windows. The front verandah has later timber rails. Access to the building is via wide timber steps to the southwest side verandah.</p><br>
<p>The southwest (side) and front walls have exposed stud framing and are lined with narrow, vertically-jointed, tongue-and-groove timber. The side wall has four pairs of French doors opening onto the verandahs. The front elevation has a centrally positioned main set of double doors with fanlight above, which would have been accessed originally from centrally positioned front steps. To either side of the front door is a pair of triple-paned casement windows, with the glass painted. The rear elevation has a small skillion-roofed extension with later additions.</p><br>
<h3>Bishop's House</h3><br>
<p>The Bishop&#39;s House is situated on higher ground behind the church hall, to the north of the church, facing southeast toward Douglas Street. It is a timber-framed residence, high-set on concrete stumps. The core of the building has an early high-pitched gabled roof, re-clad with modern corrugated iron, and has some surviving decorative detail in the gabled ends. Early surrounding verandahs have separate roofs, also re-clad, but have been enclosed and altered on several occasions with a variety of fabric (corrugated iron, fibrous-cement sheeting, glass louvres, sliding windows, casement windows, and timber boards), making the original form of the building difficult to read. There is no discernible surviving evidence of the original timber balustrading to the verandahs. The front enclosed verandah retains a centrally positioned entrance, and early timber portico with a small gabled roof (re-clad), but most of the decorative elements to the portico have been removed, and the original timber steps have been replaced by a spiral of concrete steps with an iron railing, at the side of the porch.</p><br>
<p>Attached to the enclosed back verandah is a sequence of small additions. There are two small, early, timber-framed, gable-roofed structures which were likely originally kitchen houses, one behind the other, and accessed through each other. The kitchen house adjoining the main building is the larger. These are now clad with fibrous cement sheeting, and it is not clear whether the original timber boarding (possibly single-skin) survives. Off the second kitchen house, at the rear, is a semi-open skillion-roofed laundry area, and attached to this, a small, later, skillion-roofed drying area with fibrous cement sheeting to balustrade height.</p><br>
<p>On the southwest side of the building one perimeter stump has been removed and a steel beam inserted, to provide car accommodation beneath the house. It is likely the house was accessed from Chester Street, at the rear, but the back garden is so overgrown that any driveway has been obscured.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the building has been altered substantially, and the early layout is no longer easily read. What appears originally to have comprised the front verandah, a central corridor, and two rooms on the northeast side of the core, is now one large enclosed space, used as a living room or lounge. Opening off this at the rear, in an enclosed space which was originally the back verandah, is the dining room. Much of the former back wall of the house, between the lounge and the dining room, has been removed to open up this space. The northeast side verandah has been enclosed, possibly at an early date but with later modifications, to create three bedrooms. The southwestern side of the house was modified in the 1960s to provide a suite of rooms for the Bishop, which included a main bedroom (which possibly was originally two smaller rooms), a sitting room and an office on the enclosed side verandah, and a bathroom on the rear enclosed verandah. The office has a private entrance from the southwest garden. There is also a small bedroom in the enclosed corner of the front verandah on this side of the house. This side verandah was also enclosed at an early period, but with a number of alterations since.</p><br>
<p>The first of the attached gable-roofed structures at the rear of the building is located off the dining room, and contains one large kitchen space and a toilet and external door at the southwest end. The smaller gable-roofed attached building beyond the kitchen contains a bathroom and a scullery, from which a door opens to the covered laundry and drying-area.</p><br>
<p>Most of the internal walls and ceilings in the house are lined with fibrous cement sheeting. However, the ceilings of what were formerly the northeast side and rear verandahs retain their original early timber lining in the form of wide, tongue-and-groove boards with a central double beading. Floors throughout appear to be early, with evidence of weathering on the underneath of the former verandah floorboards.</p><br>
<p>The house is situated within a very overgrown garden. The front garden has a curving concrete path lined with stone-edged garden beds, which serpentines from the front edge of the block to the front door. On most sides of the house there are concrete paths, some based on rubble rock foundations, and garden beds. To the northeast of the building is the former Bishop&#39;s Chapel, a small, high-set building with corrugated iron walls and roof. The date of construction has not been identified.</p><br>
<h3>The Rectory</h3><br>
<p>This is a high-set, timber framed building which has been clad with fibrous cement sheeting and aColorbond roof. The earlier form appears to have been a small bungalow with a front verandah, but this has been enclosed.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Quetta Memorial Precinct was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 July 2001 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Quetta Memorial Precinct, Thursday Island, is important in illustrating the pattern of Queensland history. As one of the earliest church precincts established in the Torres Strait, it provides evidence of the introduction of Christianity in the region, of the impact this has had on the lives of the people of the Torres Strait, and of the development of the town of Port Kennedy (later Thursday Island) as the bureaucratic and commercial centre of the region. As a memorial to the lives lost and saved in the wreck of the Quetta in 1890, the Cathedral in particular is illustrative of the nature of early non-indigenous settlement in northern Queensland, and the particular hazards of shipping at a period prior to the development of a comprehensive system of navigational aids along the Queensland coast. As the See House for the Diocese of Carpentaria for approximately 96 years, the Bishops House has strong historical significance. It is important for its early association with the Bishops College, the first far northern Anglican theological college, which was accommodated in the Bishop&#39;s House from 1901 to 1907.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral, with its relics and memorials to those lost in the Quetta and other Torres Strait shipwrecks, provides a unique historical record of these events. It is the only known memorial church in Queensland associated with maritime disasters.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Anglican Cathedral Precinct on Thursday Island remains a substantially intact church complex, with Bishops House (1891), Cathedral (1893-1964), Parish Institute (1902-03) and Rectory (1904) extant within the original extent of the church grounds, and is important in illustrating the principal characteristics of its type. The Cathedral and church hall (Parish Institute) remain particularly fine examples of their type. The Cathedral is an excellent illustration of the imposition in an exotic location of the late 19th century colonial fashion for erecting Gothic Revival style church buildings, but adapted to local conditions (including climate, lack of local raw resources, the cost of importing materials, and the fledgling nature of the local parish) - as illustrated by the use of concrete rather than stone or brick, the provision of timber ventilation friezes along the top of the side walls of both nave and sanctuary/chancel, the modification of the architects original design to include doors along the length of the aisles, and the construction in stages. The interior of the cathedral is highly intact, and contains many memorials. The late 19th/early 20th century sections of the cathedral are important in illustrating the range of the ecclesiastical work of architect John Hingeston Buckeridge, who was the Brisbane Anglican Diocesan architect from 1887 to 1902.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Quetta Memorial Precinct is an integral historical and aesthetic element of the Thursday Island townscape, and makes a significant contribution to the streetscape of Douglas Street. The cathedral and church hall make the strongest visual impact in the street. The interior of the cathedral produces a strong aesthetic experience, engendered by the high spaces, the arcaded aisles, the fine timber ceiling and exposed roof trusses, the stained glass memorial windows, the dark-stained timber pews and other church furnishings, and the number and variety of memorials.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral, Church Hall and Bishops House are of social, cultural and spiritual importance to the people of the Torres Strait, and particularly to the Anglican community, for its association with the expansion of Christianity in the region. The Cathedral has been, and still is, a focus for worship for generations of Thursday Islanders, and is considered the "mother church" and focus for Anglican religious activity in the Torres Strait. The Cathedral contains many relics and memorials associated with shipwrecks and with the sea, not just with the Quetta, and is intimately associated with Torres Strait culture and its identification with the sea. Many Torres Strait Islanders consider the Anglican precinct to be a sacred place, in the same sense as the original Kaurareg people would have regarded places as "sacred". The Cathedral has a special association also with the people of Queensland, as a memorial to those who lost their lives in the Quetta shipwreck of 28 February 1890, one of Queenslands (and Australias) worst maritime disasters. From its inception, the Quetta Memorial has functioned as a place of pilgrimage and as a tourist attraction, has been visited by many prominent people, and is well known in Queensland. The Cathedral has acquired a mystique engendered by its dramatic origins, its memorial status, its longevity, and its tropical location. The Church Hall has been the focus of social and cultural activities on Thursday Island for close to a century, and the Bishops House, which accommodated successive Bishops of the Diocese of Carpentaria from 1900 to 1996, is regarded by Thursday Islanders as a holy place.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The precinct has a special association with the missionary work of the Church of England in Queensland (and in Australia). Constructed initially by non-indigenous interests as a memorial to white colonialism, the Quetta Memorial was quickly transformed into the hub and focus of Christian life within the Torres Strait, and fostered the spread of Christianity through the islands. The life-histories of generations of Islanders are encompassed within this church, and the first indigenous Torres Strait Islander Anglican ministers were ordained here. The place is illustrative of the leadership role played by the Church in the Torres Strait.</p><br>
<p>St Agnes Anglican Church, Esk is a heritage-listed churchyard at Ipswich Street, Esk, Somerset Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by John Hingeston Buckeridge and built in 1889 by Lars Andersen. It is also known as St Agnes Rectory and Church Hall. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The timber church, rectory and church hall which comprise the St Agnes group at Esk, were erected between 1889 and 1910.</p><br>
<p>The Anglican Parish of Esk had been created in 1886. For the first few years, services at Esk were conducted at the non-denominational Union Church. The present site, intended for a church, hall and rectory, was donated by Ellen Webb, and transferred to the Anglican Church in 1889. Plans for the church were prepared in late 1888 by Brisbane diocesan architect John Hingeston Buckeridge, with working drawings following in 1889. Limited funds produced some alteration to the design. The building was erected in mid-1889 by local Esk contractor, sawmill proprietor and Anglican parishioner, Lars Andersen, and was dedicated in October 1889. In 1907 the western end of the building was lengthened by 3 metres, the communion rails were extended, and a vestry was added.</p><br>
<p>The rectory was constructed in 1901-1902, and had been paid for by November 1902. It also was designed by Buckeridge, and included a parish room (meeting room). Since 1928, when the Esk and Toogoolawah parishes re-combined to form the Brisbane Valley parish, the rector has resided at Toogoolawah, and St Agnes rectory has been rented. Currently it is leased to a local art and craft society.</p><br>
<p>The church and rectory were two of approximately ninety Anglican buildings erected during the episcopate of the Anglican Bishop of Brisbane William Webber, from 1885 to 1903. Webber had an understanding of ecclesiastical design and architecture generally and was responsible for bringing Buckeridge to Brisbane from London, appointing him as Diocesan Architect in 1887.</p><br>
<p>The church hall began as a smaller Sunday School building, constructed. It was extended as a hall between 1908 and 1910, and has been modified since. This building does not form part of the heritage listing.</p><br>
<p>In 1903 shade trees were planted in the grounds, some of which remain.</p><br>
<p>The street entrance pillars were erected in honour of former parishioner and Brisbane Valley pioneer Francis Edward Bigge. They were designed and built by stonemason Andrew Petrie of Toowong in 1920.</p><br>
<p>The bell and belltower were erected in 1953.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St Agnes rectory and church, located with a hall, belltower and grounds containing a number of mature trees, form an Anglican Church group which, along with the Presbyterian, Uniting and Catholic Church groups, is situated on Ipswich Street, the main road into Esk.</p><br>
<h3>Church</h3><br>
<p>St Agnes church is a weatherboard building with a steeply pitched ribbed metal gable roof with deep timber brackets to the eaves. The building has a rectangular plan set on a later brick base, with a vestry added to the east and a porch to the north west.</p><br>
<p>The entry porch has a gable roof with weatherboard balustrade and gable. The entry and vestry doors have convex quarter circles at the top corners.</p><br>
<p>The building features lancet windows, most of which contain leadlight glazing except in the sanctuary which features stained glass. The building has a scissor trussed roof with boarded ceiling and vertical tongue and groove boards to the walls of the nave. The sanctuary has horizontal boards to the walls and the interior surfaces have been painted.</p><br>
<p>A timber screen separates the sanctuary from the nave. This screen has a tongue and groove balustrade and decorative timber brackets forming a pointed arch in the centre. A timber cross is supported above the centre and a pulpit is built into the western end of the nave.</p><br>
<p>The internal faces of the doors have decorative diagonal boarding at close centres. The floor of the sanctuary and altar are raised above the nave and vestry, and at cornice level there are spaced ventilation boards. The altar and altar rail are of stained carved timber and the building contains original pews, a stone baptismal font and memorial plaques.</p><br>
<p>A 1953 timber-frame belltower with a corrugated iron pitched roof is located to the north east of the church. Entry to the site is via memorial gates which consist of three sandstone gateposts with decorative metal gates. The posts are square in plan with pyramid capitals, rock finish faces with dressed corners and base and a marble plaque and name badge on the two centre posts. The grounds include a number of notable mature trees.</p><br>
<h3>Rectory</h3><br>
<p>St Agnes rectory is a single-storeyed weatherboard building with a corrugated iron hipped gable roof. It has timber stumps, with verandahs on the north and east sides. The street entrance porch has a projecting gable to the verandah with decorative timber truss, finial and barge boards. The verandah roof is at a lesser pitch to the main roof and the hipped gables have curved timber bargeboards.</p><br>
<p>The verandah features decorative timber brackets and posts and the walls are single-skin with exposed timber framing. The front door has timber panelling with glass sidelights and fanlight. French doors with fanlights open onto the verandah.</p><br>
<p>The double hung sash windows have sunhoods with curved timber brackets and a carport has been added to the south, the roof of which cuts across a side window. The building has a brick chimney and a rear verandah has been enclosed with chamferboards and casement windows.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the joinery is intact and the building has boarded walls and ceiling. A detached laundry is located at the rear.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St Agnes Church and rectorty were listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>St Agnes Church and rectory are important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, being associated with the consolidation of the Anglican church in Esk.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>They demonstrate an uncommon aspect of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage, comprising as they do the only known group of buildings in Queensland which contains both a church and rectory designed by diocesan architect JH Buckeridge, and are important in illustrating the principal characteristics of their type.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>They demonstrate an uncommon aspect of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage, comprising as they do the only known group of buildings in Queensland which contains both a church and rectory designed by diocesan architect JH Buckeridge, and are important in illustrating the principal characteristics of their type.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in exhibiting a number of aesthetic characteristics valued by the local community, including the intactness of the federation-era rectory, and the contribution, through scale, form and materials, of the buildings and grounds to the streetscape of Ipswich Street and to the Esk townscape.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The place has had a special association with the Anglican community in Esk as a centre of local worship, for over a century.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The church and rectory have a strong association with architect JH Buckeridge, being examples of his ecclesiastical work in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Louth Island is a 135 ha island located in Louth Bay, Spencer Gulf, South Australia. The island is privately owned, and has previously been used for the grazing of sheep and mining of guano. The island has an old building with sleeping quarters, several beaches, inshore rocky reef and a boat anchorage. It is 17.5 km NNE of Port Lincoln and is easily accessible by boat. The indigenous name for the island is Yorunu.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership & development</h2><br>
<p>In January 1861, a sheep which had been grazing on Louth Island for three years demonstrated remarkable growth of wool. One sample showed a staple twelve inches long, and its fleece was said to have weighed 24 lbs. At the time, the island and its stock were in the custody of Captain Bishop of Port Lincoln.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1800s, Louth Island was in the custody of Alexander Watherston.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1900s, waters around Louth Island were dredged for oysters.</p><br>
<p>On October 13, 1905, William Watherstone, lessee of the island, died in Port Lincoln. He was 49 years of age and suffered from Brights disease and complications. He was one of the regions oldest residents, having arrived in 1859.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, it took three shearers on Louth Island a fortnight to shear 800 sheep due to bad weather.</p><br>
<p>In 1915, Louth Island was purchased at auction by W. B. White of Port Lincoln. The price paid was £4 8/6 per acre.</p><br>
<p>In 1917, a lease was offered at auction to permit the removal of guano from the coastal reserve surrounding Louth Island.</p><br>
<p>In 1938, a photograph of Louth Island was placed on display in the window of H. K. Williams Snapshot Service in Port Lincoln as part of an exhibition of local Beauty Spots&#39;.</p><br>
<h2>Accidents & mysteries</h2><br>
<p>On October 18, 1910 W. E. Goode of White&#39;s River and his two young sons where caught in a squall when returning home from a fishing excursion in Louth Bay. Their boat was driven out to sea. They were sighted on Louth Island by a search party and were recovered the following morning in an exhausted state.</p><br>
<p>In March 1921, Thomas Russell disappeared from Louth Island, where he had been the labourer in charge as employee of White. The island was searched for clues to his disappearance. The house was discovered in a desolate state with poultry lying about dead after a boat bringing provisions from the mainland discovered his absence.</p><br>
<p>In 1935, two farmers claimed to have seen what they believed to be the wreck of the ketch Vivid between Louth Island and the mainland. The vessel was lost with all hands aboard some years prior.</p><br>
<p>In 1947, Captain F. G. Sawford of the ketch Hawthorne lost his pet cocker-spaniel Queenie overboard some miles off Louth Island in rough seas after dark. The dog swam safely to land at the island, after which she was eventually returned to her owner.</p><br>
<h2>Little Penguin colony</h2><br>
<p>Louth Island has supported a large colony of little penguins. An account from 1874 from a man named Masters, described them breeding there "in millions" and noted that by November the young had already hatched. Masters said that his party had to "entrench themselves at night to prevent the penguins tumbling everything over in the tent." A pair of white-bellied sea eagles had built a nest near the penguin colony and was preying upon the penguins. Penguin skins were observed piled around the eagles&#39; nest. Earlier records of little penguin presence exist from November 1865.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the presence of little penguins on Louth Island was inferred by the discovery of tracks. The same year, penguins were present and nesting on nearby Rabbit Island, to the south-east.</p><br>
<p>As of 2015 the status of the little penguin colony is unknown.</p><br>
<p>Buena Vista is an historic plantation house located in Roanoke, Virginia. It was built about 1840, and is a two-story, brick Greek Revival style dwelling with a shallow hipped roof and two-story, three-bay wing. The front facade features a massive two-story diastyle Greek Doric order portico. Buena Vista was built for George Plater Tayloe and his wife, Mary  Tayloe. George was the son of John Tayloe III and Anne Ogle Tayloe of the noted plantation Mount Airy in Richmond County and who built The Octagon House in Washington D.C. The property was acquired by the City of Roanoke in 1937, and was used as a city park and recreation center.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Earlier History</p><br>
<p>There are handwritten notes on the deed card that describe a much earlier history of the property. “The first building on this tract was log and frame. In 1853 a brick building was built by Geo. P. Tayloe. In 1889 George P. Tayloe enlarged and modernized the present building. David Bryan, Sr. will called this building the mansion house. The Tayloe papers refer to it as Roanoke – and later as Buena Vista. This tract was originally called the “Bottoms” and at the lower end was the Totera town visited by Batts Wood and Fallam in Sept 1671.”</p><br>
<p>Ownership History</p><br>
<p>The Illinois Iron Furnace is a historic iron furnace located in Shawnee National Forest near Rosiclare, Illinois. The stone and brick furnace was built sometime between 1837 and 1839 and was originally owned by businessmen Chalon Guard and Leonard White. The furnace was used to smelt locally mined iron ore; the resulting iron pigs were transported to Elizabethtown, Illinois, where they were shipped elsewhere along the Ohio River. The furnace ceased operations from 1861 to 1868 due to transport and labor shortages created by the Civil War; while local legend holds that the furnace provided iron to the Union navy yard at Mound City, this could have only been possible through stockpiled iron. The furnace closed permanently in 1883, marking the end of Illinois&#39; iron industry.</p><br>
<p>The furnace was heavily damaged by highway construction in the 1930s. The USA Forest Services Golconda Job Corps Center rebuilt the furnace in 1967 in order to preserve the structure. The reconstruction effort also converted the surrounding area into a picnic site and established a visitor information center narrating the history of the furnace and Illinois iron industry. The furnace was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It is the only surviving iron furnace from the area&#39;s iron industry, which was the only completely native iron industry in the state.</p><br>
<p>The OShea Building is a historic commercial building located at 1-15 Main Street in Peabody, Massachusetts. Built in 1903–04 by Thomas OShea, one of the city&#39;s leading businessmen at the time, it is a well-preserved example of commercial Renaissance revival architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The OShea Building is located on the south side of Main Street, just east of Peabody Square, in the citys central business district. It is a two-story building, constructed out of brick, limestone, and granite, with Renaissance revival styling. It occupies a footprint of 160 ft on Main Street, with a shorter frontage on Nichols Lane. Facing Main Street, it consists of three store fronts on each side of a slightly projecting central arched entrance to the office spaces above. The retail floor is divided from the offices by a pressed metal entablature, a feature that also appears above the second-story. The second floor consists of a series of arched window openings, that are grouped into pairs divided by Corinthian pilasters.</p><br>
<p>The building is one of two buildings, the other being the Second OShea Building, which stands adjacent to this one on Peabody Square. It was also built too by Thomas OShea, one of the city&#39;s leading businessmen in the early 1900s. At the time both buildings were built, this section of Main Street was still largely residential, with some small shops. The original retail tenants of this block included a druggist, dry goods dealer, grocer, and milliner, and the upstairs housed professional offices and fraternal social organizations, including the Grand Army of the Republic and the Knights of Columbus.</p><br>
<p>Grantham Island is an uninhabited island occupying 51 ha of Proper Bay, Spencer Gulf, South Australia. The nearest geographical feature on the mainland is Murray Point, which is also undeveloped. The island was named by explorer Matthew Flinders on February 25, 1802 after the municipal and parliamentary borough of Grantham, Lincolnshire, England. It lies 3 km south of the Port Lincoln marina and is well vegetated.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1874, yachtsmen described Grantham Island as hosting an abundance of rabbits... of all shades of colour. At the time, the island was covered with mallee and other scrub. The yachtsmen had gone ashore to shoot rabbits and other sport. One man came across a native pheasant which soared majestically away after being shot at. The party also amused themselves by lassoing penguins and setting them in the water racing.</p><br>
<p>In 1885, the South Australian Yacht Club stopped there to collect firewood.</p><br>
<p>In December 1909, the Flinders Brass Band arranged a picnic to Grantham Island. About 100 people attended and arrived by motor and sailing boats.</p><br>
<p>In February 1910, a fire was started on Grantham Island and became unmanageable. It spread over the whole island and after the fire, not a bush remained. No stock were on the island at the time.</p><br>
<p>In 1937, the 28 ft cutter Sylvia was wrecked in Port Lincoln harbour on returning from a picnic on Grantham Island. The steamer Iron Monarch was going astern from the jetty when the cutter passed behind it to inspect the vessel. Sylvia was sucked into Iron Monarchs propeller and sank immediately. Two men clung to the rudder of Iron Monarchs propeller while is turned, while the other four aboard climbed into a dinghy which had been towed behind the cutter. The six occupants of the cutter all survived.</p><br>
<p>In 1939 The Lands Department advised that Grantham Island would shortly be gazetted for lease. In the mean time, monthly occupation was granted to A. S. Crawford.</p><br>
<p>Boston Island is a 960 hectare privately owned island in Boston Bay, Spencer Gulf, South Australia. It has been primarily used for grazing sheep and was also once the location of a proposed township called Kerrillyilla at the southern end of the island. In 2009, the island was rezoned to allow for future residential and tourism development. As of 2009, it is owned by the mayor of Port Lincoln, Peter Davis. Davis development plans include up to 1,000 residential allotments, three tourism developments and an inland marina. Prior to rezoning, there had been little interest expressed in the development plan, despite the mayors enthusiasm.</p><br>
<h2>Geographic features & nomenclature</h2><br>
<p>The northernmost point of the island is Maria Point, the southernmost is Point Fanny and the westernmost is Hayden Point. Point Fanny was named after Fanny Conway, a favoured guest of Lady Gawler, wife of Governor Gawler. The Governor pledged to name the point after Conway&#39;s tent collapsed while she was camped there. She was traveling with a party arranged by Governor Gawler at the time.</p><br>
<p>The island&#39;s longest beaches are Squeaky Beach at the north (east of Maria Point) and Homestead Beach to the north-west. Picnic Beach on the eastern shore and Cemetery Beach on the central west coast are smaller. The bay between Point Fanny and Hayden Point is known as Rotten Bay. In 2010, attempts to formally rename Rotten Bay to either Bluefin Bay or Fishdance Bay were unsuccessful due to public opposition to the idea. It is believed that the origin of the name is a reflection of the quality of its anchorage.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Fauna species of conservation concern recorded on Boston Island or in adjacent waters include: bush stone-curlew, pied oystercatcher, sooty oystercatcher, fairy tern, eastern osprey, white-bellied sea eagle, Australian sea lion, New Zealand fur seal and southern right whale.</p><br>
<h3>Little penguin colony</h3><br>
<p>In 2006, Boston Island supported a small colony of less than 100 little penguins. As of 2011, the status of the colony is unknown.</p><br>
<h2>Mysterious object</h2><br>
<p>On September 8 2014 the Department of Defence investigated a suspected explosive mine located off the east coast of Boston Island. A public exclusion zone was established and a team of Navy clearance divers was deployed to identify the object, defuse it if armed and arrange for its safe disposal.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1840, Boston Island was the location of choice for a future whaling station, intended to be operated by the Port Lincoln Whaling Company.</p><br>
<p>Mr and Mrs Jesse Lock were residents of Boston Island for a period during the 1800s.</p><br>
<p>In the 1850s a mission for the conversion of Indigenous Australians to Christianity operated on Boston Island by Archdeacon Hale. The mission was moved to Poonindie on the mainland because of the islands confined space was unsuited to the natives way of life. Availability of water was also likely to have been a factor.</p><br>
<p>In 1883, John Joseph Laffan was granted a Miscellaneous Lease No. 593 for a term of 21 years, over certain sections of land at the northern end of the island. After 12 months, the lease was forfeited for non-payment of rent.</p><br>
<p>In 1885, a member of the South Australian Yacht Club described Boston Island as undulating and grassy, with clumps of trees planted by the hand of nature in such a charming way as would render bankrupt the taste of a landscape gardener to approach in regard to effect; it is a place which once seen will live in the recollection ever afterwards.</p><br>
<p>In November 1907, Joseph Kemp Bishop made application to bring all of Sec. 70; the Township of Kerrillyilla on Boston Island, under the Real Property Act by virtue of a sole uninterrupted possession by himself and predecessors for over 40 years (since 1859).</p><br>
<p>In 1909, Allotment 37 was transferred from John Ridley to Joseph Kemp Bishop. Under Certificate of Title, Volume 794, Folio 84, Joseph Kemp Bishop became the sole owner of the land once intended to be the Boston Island township.</p><br>
<p>In 1920, Joseph Kemp Bishop purchased the island from his father, Captain J. Bishop.</p><br>
<p>In 1928, the motor ship MS Minnipa of the Adelaide Steamship Company ran aground at Hayden Point, Boston Island in a thick fog. The 160 passengers aboard who had been traveling to Port Lincoln lighted in rafts and launches. She was refloated again two days later. She was then taken to Melbourne for assessment and repair. A Marine Enquiry was later held in Port Adelaide to investigate the circumstances and cause of the incident. The captain of the vessel was not found to be negligent in his actions.</p><br>
<p>In August 1939, Boston Island was described by a visitor from Melbourne as a green wonder... graceful and yet stately.</p><br>
<p>In 1950, Boston Island was purchased by Wilfred (Bill) Hogan of Calca Station, Streaky Bay district. At the time it was free of rabbits and foxes, and was running sheep, one to the acre.</p><br>
<p>In 1954, Boston Island was purchased by H. P. Davis of Hamilton Downs Station, Alice Springs for the price of £49,200. It was sold at auction in Port Lincoln before an audience of 500 people. At the time the island featured a five-roomed furnished weatherboard cottage, ten sheep-proof paddocks, five wells with windmills, four 5,000-gallon galvanized iron tanks and a large stone tank.</p><br>
<p>Battery Rock is a limestone bluff located at Mile 860 of the Ohio River in Hardin County, Illinois, across from Caseyville, Kentucky. The bluff is a prominent navigational landmark along the river.</p><br>
<p>The site played a role in several conflicts during the Civil War. In 1862, the Union Army based its troops at Battery Rock during a standoff with Confederate troops at Caseyville; the standoff ended when the Union troops moved to Caseyville, found that the Confederates had left the town, and punished the rebellious residents. The bluff also played a role in Confederate general Stovepipe Johnson&#39;s attack on riverboats in 1864. During the attack, boats used the landing at Battery Rock as a safe harbor and a place to monitor the situation. In addition, two Union recruiters from Kentucky used the bluff as a recruiting station in 1864, and either a Union garrison or a local defense force placed two cannons at the site; graffiti left by an Indiana regiment has also been found at the site.</p><br>
<p>The bluff was used as a filming location for the film How the West Was Won in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>Battery Rock was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 5, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Orr-Herl Mound and Village Site is an archaeological site located along the Ohio River in Hardin County, Illinois, United States. The site consists of a mound, which includes a sizable midden, and the remains of a village. The village was inhabited from roughly 900 to 1500 AD by Mississippian peoples. The site was an important source of fluorspar, which Mississippian peoples used for carvings and beads. The village was likely a manufacturing site for fluorspar items, which were then traded to other villages; this theory is supported by fluorspar artifacts recovered from the Kincaid Site, a Mississippian chiefdom center on the Ohio River in Illinois.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Johnson County Courthouse, located at Courthouse Square in Vienna, is the county courthouse serving Johnson County, Illinois. The courthouse was built from 1869 to 1871; as county records are unclear on the matter, the courthouse was either the fourth or fifth built in the county and the second or third in Vienna. Architect Niles Llewelly Wickwire designed the courthouse in the Italianate style. The courthouse&#39;s design features narrow arched windows with iron hoods, brick quoins on the corners, triangular pediments above the east and west entrances, and a bracketed cornice. The roof is topped by an octagonal cupola with a clock facing each side of the building. The courthouse has functioned continuously since its opening.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 9, 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Bicker Isles are two small islands in Boston Bay, Spencer Gulf, South Australia. They lie between Surfleet Point on the mainland, and Hayden Point on Boston Island. They are uninhabited, and fall within the boundary of Lincoln National Park. They were named by Matthew Flinders on February 25, 1802, after Bicker, a town in Lincolnshire, England. The islands are round and somewhat featureless. The northern island is approximately 8 ha in size, and the southern island, which lies midway between the northern island and Surfleet Point is approximately 5 ha. The waters surrounding Bicker Isles are zoned for aquaculture and are known as the Bicker Island Harvesting Area. The isles are part of the Lincoln National Park.</p><br>
<p>The isles&#39; original name is often misrepresented as Bickers Islands, Bicker Islands, Bickers Isles, Bicker Island or Bickers Island.</p><br>
<p>Taylor Island  is the largest in a group of seven islands located between the Eyre Peninsula mainland and Thistle Island in the mouth of Spencer Gulf, South Australia. It was named by British explorer Matthew Flinders in 1802, after the loss of William Taylor, a midshipman and masters mate to John Thistle . The remaining islands in the group are also named after lost members of Flinders expedition: Little Island, Lewis Island, Smith Island, Hopkins Island and Grindal Island. Taylors Island has been used principally for the grazing of sheep while its surrounding waters are well regarded fishing grounds.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1876, a sporting party to the Neptune Islands described Taylor Island as being covered with rabbits, mutton birds, and Cape Barren geese.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, a trawling expedition from Largs Bay to Venus Bay on the west coast of Eyre Peninsula was abandoned after the steamer Argyle was met with high seas in the Investigator Strait. At one stage there was 7 feet of water in the well, and the ships hand pump couldnt improve the situation. Water came within 3 inches of the furnaces, and the engineers and the firemen were working in waist-deep water. By the vessels continual rolling motion, coal was also washed out of the bunkers and into the bilges. The coal had to be fished out of the water by hand to feed the furnaces. As the coal had about 5 feet of water over it, the work was tedious and difficult. The crews worked with buckets and hand-pumps and gradually reduced the quantity of water in the vessel. Owing to the continuous strain, all on board became exhausted. After the ordeal, the ship anchored at Taylors Island for five days, while the crew made necessary repairs.</p><br>
<p>In 1935, grazier Clarence Henry Lines was accused of stealing twenty sheep from fellow grazier R. L. C. Sinclair and five from P. S. Sinclair. The allegedly stolen sheep were found grazing on Taylor Island. Lines denied having stolen the sheep and pleaded not guilty in court.</p><br>
<p>In 1940, the growth of feed for the grazing of sheep made Taylor Island a sight to be seen.</p><br>
<p>In 1947, Mr. Norm Johnson caught an unusually large snook off Taylor Island. It was 3 ft 3 inches in length, 10 inches in girth and weighed over 7 lbs.</p><br>
<p>In March 1950, first-time big game fisherman Mr. A. Dean of Mildura hooked four great white sharks near Taylor Island. He only succeeded in landing one, which measured 11 ft. 5 inches. Its girth was 6 ft and it weighed 860 lb. Another escaped after a 30-minute struggle and was estimated to be 14 ft long.</p><br>
<h2>Navigation aids</h2><br>
<p>A navigation aid consisting of a 9 m tower with a single flashing light was installed in 1982. The light, which is 76 m above sea level, assists vessel underway at night along the east coast of the Jussieu Peninsula, particularly those vessels that approaching from the south via the Thorny Passage or the east coast of Thistle Island.</p><br>
<p>First National Bank, also known as People&#39;s Federal Building and Liberty Trust Co., is a historic bank and office building located at Roanoke, Virginia. It was built in 1910, and is a seven-story, granite and buff-colored brick building in the French Renaissance style. It features a Roman Ionic columned main entrance and Doric columns in the main banking hall derived from the Temple of Apollo at Delos.</p><br>
<p>The first director of the bank was Tazewell M. Starkey (1829-1901). In 1926 the bank merged with the National Exchange Bank, and took that name. "When the community opened up, there were a lot of members of the Jewish community who have served on various organizations. For instance, Arthur Taubman was on the board of the First National Exchange Bank, on the board of trustees. When that became Dominion Bank, his son, Nicholas F. Taubman, served on that board of trustees, too."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>St. Andrew&#39;s Roman Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church and rectory in Roanoke, Virginia, United States. It was built in 1900-1902, and is a buff brick church on a stone foundation in the High Victorian Gothic style. It has a cruciform plan and features two tall Gothic towers which flank the main entrance and are</p><br>
<p>square in plan. On each tower are two small lancet windows, two large pointed-arch stained-glass tracery windows, and sets of double pointed-arch openings at the belfry. Also on the property is a rectory built in 1887. The church replaced an earlier small brick church built in 1883.</p><br>
<p>The building cost $60,000 to construct, with another $40,000 budgeted for interior appointments and trim. "The buff brick edifice with stone trimming, designed by W. P. Genter of Akron, Ohio, would become a Roanoke landmark."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The church has had two major renovations since its completion. The first renovations took place after the Second Vatican Council authorized certain liturgical alterations. A freestanding altar was installed so that Mass could be celebrated versus populum, the priest facing the people. The ornate high altar was left in place and intact.</p><br>
<p>Later, the original freestanding altar was replaced with a more ornate, marble one that remains in use to this day. At the same time the interior was radically modified to remove two side altars, a long altar rail, and a select portion of iconography. The lighting of the church was also renovated to allow a brighter hue.</p><br>
<p>From 2010 to 2014 St. Andrews saw its most expensive long-term renovation. The large pipe organ, being an object of much effort to maintain, was replaced with an electric organ. The pipes, however, were retained for decoration. In 2014 the steeples, originals from the construction of the church, were removed and renovated.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church in Roanoke, Virginia, United States. It was built in 1891–1892, and is a Gothic style blue-gray limestone church designed by Charles M. Burns of Philadelphia. It has a nave-plan with side aisles, a corner bell tower, a sacristy wing, and a transverse chapel and narthex to the rear. The nave features a hammerbeam roof and wooden arcading and is illuminated by stained glass windows in the clerestory and side aisle walls including several by Louis Comfort Tiffany. Attached to the church by a stone addition built in 1958, is a Tudor Revival style Parish House built in 1923.</p><br>
<p>A church history was printed during the centennial of the building.</p><br>
<p>"The Church in Roanoke" is a historical sermon, preached by invitation on the occasion of the opening of Christ Church, Roanoke, (the old St. Johns Church on Church Avenue) 14 December 1902, and repeated in St. Johns Church, Jefferson Street and Elm Avenue, February 8, 1914.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>HungKuo Delin University of Technology  is a private university in Tucheng District, New Taipei, Taiwan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>HungKuo Delin University of Technology was founded in 1972 as Sze Hai College of Technology. In 1991, the school changed its name to Sze Hai College of Technology and Commerce. In 2001, it was ungraded to De Lin Institute of Technology. In 2017, the school changed its name to HungKuo Delin University of Technology.</p><br>
<h2>Academics</h2><br>
<p>* College of Engineering</p><br>
<p>** Department of Mechanical Engineering</p><br>
<p>** Department of Civil Engineering</p><br>
<p>** Department of Electronics Engineering</p><br>
<p>** Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering</p><br>
<p>** Department of Computer and Communication Engineering</p><br>
<p>* College of Management and Design</p><br>
<p>** Department of Business Administration</p><br>
<p>** Department of Applied English</p><br>
<p>*** Department of Applied Foreign Languages</p><br>
<p>** Department of Real Estate Management</p><br>
<p>** Department of Spatial and Interior Design</p><br>
<p>** Department of Creative Product Design</p><br>
<p>* College of Human Ecology</p><br>
<p>** Department of Leisure Business Management</p><br>
<p>** Department of Hospitality Management</p><br>
<p>** Department of Culinary Arts</p><br>
<p>** Department of MICE and Tourism</p><br>
<p>* General Education Center</p><br>
<p>* Foreign Language Center</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>The university is accessible within walking distance east of Tucheng Station of the Taipei Metro.</p><br>
<p>The Valencia Court Apartments is a four-building apartment complex in Rockford, Illinois, United States. Designed by local architect Jesse A. Barloga, the apartments are considered an excellent example of Mission Revival architecture in Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Valencia Court Apartments were built in the 1920s, a period of great prosperity for Rockford, Illinois. The buildings were built for residents seeking a moderately-priced place to live. The rooms were relatively small, but the high style of the building was meant to evoke the moderately-priced apartment complexes common to Chicago. Early directories indicate that they were initially home to a mixture of singles and married couples.</p><br>
<p>The apartments were designed by Jesse A. Barloga, an architect from Pecatonica. His practice in Rockford was very prolific. He was known for his ability to design popular revival architectural styles. At least 114 single-family homes in Rockford are attributed to Barloga. This Mission Revival design resembles Spanish missions in California and Texas. Elements of the style incorporated into the Valencia Court Apartments are stucco siding, red ceramic roods, arched windows and doors, and decorative ironwork. Barloga designed at least two other Mission Revival buildings in Rockford: the Villa Seville Apartments (1925) and the Eldorado Apartments (1927).</p><br>
<p>As a fine example of the Mission Revival of Illinois, the Valencia Court Apartments were recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 2009. Roughly two years later, they were listed as a contributing property to the Garrison–Coronado–Haskell Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The William Brown Building is a historic commercial building in Rockford, Illinois, United States. Completed in 1892, it is considered a fine local example of Romanesque Revival architecture. It was one of the last major commercial buildings in Rockford between the Panic of 1893 and the Roaring Twenties.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>By the 1890s, the west downtown district of Rockford, Illinois was finally beginning to eclipse the east downtown district. The construction of the Chestnut Street bridge opened the southern part of Main Street to commerce. The architect of the building is unknown. The Nelson House, sharing some architectural similarities, was completed the next year and may have had the same architect: D. S. Shureman. Judge William Brown was a successful lawyer and politician in the city who died during construction. The building was named in his honor.</p><br>
<p>The Peoples Bank of Rockford was the first tenant, moving in after construction. The Rockford Insurance Company soon followed. Until the completion of the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall, the William Brown Building also hosted the local offices of the Grand Army of the Republic. However, soon after the buildings completion, the Panic of 1893 occurred, freezing development in Rockford. For its role as a significant local example of Romanesque architecture, the National Park Service recognized the William Brown Building with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places on August 10, 2000. When the West Downtown Rockford Historic District was created in 2007, the Brown building was listed as a contributing property.</p><br>
<p>The Haight Village Historic District is an area in Rockford, Illinois reflecting the city&#39;s early residential development.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rockford, Illinois was first settled in 1834. That year, Germanicus Kent founded a settlement on the west side of the Rock River. The next year, Daniel Haight established a town on the east side of the river. The two towns were incorporated together as Rockford in 1839. The earliest east side development was within the confines of what is now the Haight Village Historic District. The oldest extant building in the district is the 1843 Wheeler cottage. A pair of houses still stand from the late 1840s at 314 South Second Street and 405 South First Street. Rockford&#39;s population grew from 235 in 1839 to 1,500 by 1850.</p><br>
<p>John Lake built many of the early houses in Rockford. His lumberyard was in the East Rockford district and he worked as a carpenter and contractor. He lived at 612 Oak Street in Haight Village from its construction until 1874. Judge William Brown, mayor of Rockford and member of the Illinois General Assembly, lived in the district starting in 1858. With increasing immigration following the Civil War, Haight Village became a Swedish community. John Erlander, a Swedish immigrant, became one of Rockford&#39;s foremost business leaders, founding the Rockford Union Furniture Company and Excelsior Furniture Company. His 1871 house is now a museum operated by the Swedish Historical Society of Rockford.</p><br>
<p>Although the district is mostly residential, there are a few exceptions. The 1873 Rockford Watch Company factory building was part of the industrial district that stretched along the river. It is largely of the Italianate style, although additions in 1910 and 1930 do not match. This is one of the few remaining industrial buildings from this era in Rockford. Rockford Central High School was completed in 1905. It was the city&#39;s only high school until 1940. Haight Village was recognized as a historic district by the National Park Service on November 20, 1987.</p><br>
<p>Mount Moriah Baptist Church and Cemetery is a historic African-American Baptist church and cemetery located at Roanoke, Virginia. It was built about 1908, and is a small, one-story, rectangular frame church sheathed in weatherboard. It consists of a main sanctuary, a front vestibule, and a rear chancel bay. The frame building sits on a raised foundation of uncoursed fieldstones. The associated burial ground contains over 100 interments from the 1870s through the present.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Outside the entrance to the church is an historical marker that reads: "Mount Moriah Baptist Church. K-99. The members of Mount Moriah Baptist Church belong to one of the regions earliest African American congregations, originating in a Sunday school for slaves established in the mid-1800s by Dr. Charles L. Cocke, founder of Hollins College. The group gained permission in 1858 to build its first church. The present church, the congregations third, was built about 1908. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places and the Virginia Landmarks Register in 1994. The nearby cemetery was expanded from a former slave burial ground."</p><br>
<p>"There are many unmarked graves at this location. The listing of names is complete as of 19 June 2007."</p><br>
<p>Recent upgrades in the church property included a new paved driveway from the City of Roanoke, and new kitchen and bathroom facilities, donated by local churches, individuals and organizations.</p><br>
<p>Lake Hobart, also known as Rocky Lake, is a reservoir in Washita County, Oklahoma, just to the northwest of Rocky, off USA Route 183 and the N2200 and N2190 roads. It is 9.5 milesfrom Hobart, Oklahoma. The reservoir was created as part of the Washita Basin Project in the 1950s, to improve water supply in the area by constructing a dam across Little Elk Creek. The Clinton-Cordell-Hobart Aqueduct carries water from the reservoir to the three communities for which it is named. It is popular with fisherman and boaters. The Grissom Cemetery lies near the northern side of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The earthen dam is 29 feet high and 1,950 feet long. The surface area is 340 acres, normal capacity is 4210 acre-feet and the maximum capacity is 6340 acre feet. The maximum discharge is 53600 cubic feet per second.</p><br>
<p>Salem Avenue–Roanoke Automotive Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located of Roanoke, Virginia. It encompasses 59 contributing buildings in the southwestern part of the City of Roanoke. The district includes a variety of buildings having automotive, warehouse, light industrial and residential uses. Most of the buildings are small-scale, one or two-story brick or concrete block buildings, with the majority built between about 1920 and 1954. Notable buildings include the former Enfield Buick Dealership , Lindsay-Robinson & Co. Building , Fulton Motor Company Auto Sales & Service , Lacy Edgerton Motor Company , Roanoke Motor Car Company , and Fire Department No. 3 .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007, with boundary increases in 2008 and 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Qazvinis&#39; House is a historical house in Isfahan, Iran. It belongs to the age of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar.</p><br>
<p>Although there are many historical houses in Isfahan, few of them are open for tourists. Qazvinis&#39; house is one of these few houses. The house has a beautiful structure and masterly plan. It has multiple yards, which are surrounded by many rooms. The northern part of each yard is higher and is more important than the other parts. The notable exterior parts of the structure are followings:</p><br>
<p>a dais, decorated by an exquisite muqarnas</p><br>
<p>doors of the dais with painted glasses, which connect the dais to different rooms.</p><br>
<p>a reception hall on the western side, decorated by stucco and cut mirrors.</p><br>
<p>on the eastern side there are a reception hall, some smaller rooms, big verandas and some covered vestibules and service parts.</p><br>
<p>Interior parts are on the eastern side of the main yard. There are some halls and offices in this part.</p><br>
<p>Stables and the living places of servants are in the southern parts of the house.</p><br>
<p>The house is open for visitors every day from 8:30 to 14:15, except on Fridays and public holidays.</p><br>
<p>At present, the office of Cultural Heritage, Handcrafts and Tourism Organization is located in this house.</p><br>
<p>Burrell Memorial Hospital, also known as BRBH Burrell Center, is a historic African-American hospital located in the Gainsboro neighborhood of Roanoke, Virginia. It was built in 1915, and is a four-story, 73,000 square foot, International Style building. It is "T"-shaped in footprint with three wings extending from a central elevator core. In the 1980s, the Burrell Memorial Hospital was renovated for use as an adult care facility. The building housed the only African-American medical facility in Roanoke from 1915 to 1965.</p><br>
<p>"The hospital’s namesake, Dr. Isaac Burrell, had perished on account of having to travel to Washington, D.C. — by boxcar, no less — to receive routine gall bladder surgery denied to him at segregated Roanoke Hospital, the predecessor to Roanoke Memorial."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>"everal black physicians in the area, including Dr. Issac David Burrell, were working diligently to establish a hospital for black residents. In the midst of these efforts, Dr. Burrell became seriously ill with gallstones and was forced to travel in a train baggage car to Washington, D.C. for treatment. He died following surgery, and the heart-wrenching circumstances of his death served as a catalyst to ensure that this tragedy would not be repeated for another black person.</p><br>
<p>On March 18, 1915, Burrell Memorial Hospital, named in honor of Dr. Burrell, opened at 311 Henry Street. It began as a 10-bed facility equipped with $1,000 of borrowed money but went on to become the first African-American hospital to earn full approval of the American Board of Surgeons. Dr. Lylburn C. Downing, who had been the first African-American accepted as a member of the Roanoke Medical Society, became the first superintendent and held that position until 1947. "After Burrell&#39;s death, the doctors Downing, Williams and roberts, joined by John Claytor, Sr., and Jerry Cooper, founded Burrell Memorial with ten beds on North Henry Street in March 1915."</p><br>
<p>The flu epidemic of 1919 created the need for expanded facilities, so the hospital moved into the abandoned Allegheny Institute building on the corner of McDowell Avenue and Park Street (now 7th Street) in 1921. This building was used until 1955 when the present hospital was opened.</p><br>
<p>Burrell Memorial Hospital remained a prominent black institution until the 1965 Civil Rights Act mandated the desegregation of hospital facilities. In 1979, the hospital closed. Today, The Burrell Center is home to Blue Ridge Behavioral Healthcare.</p><br>
<p>More from 1915: Today the c.1955 Burrell Hospital building is known as The Burrell Center, and houses many of the adult service programs of Blue Ridge Behavioral Healthcare, one of 40 Virginia Community Services Boards providing comprehensive services for individuals who have mental health disorders, intellectual disability, or substance use disorders. BRBH operates multiple programs with more than 400 employees.</p><br>
<p>In 2003 BRBH completed a renovation that preserved much of the former hospital’s design, including terrazzo floors at the former nurses’ stations, wide hallways and solid patient room doors, many retaining the small observation window common in the past. A few employees report that they were born in the building, but the building’s historical significance and its importance to the neighborhood are recognized by all who enter via a multi-panel display in the lobby of old photographs and text that tells the story of the prominent role Burrell Hospital played in the past."</p><br>
<p>Virginia Can Company-S.H. Heironimus Warehouse is a historic factory and warehouse complex located at Roanoke, Virginia. The "U"-shaped complex was built in 1912, and consists of an office and two factory buildings. All three of the buildings are two stories in height and are constructed of brick on a raised foundation of poured concrete. A second-story pedestrian bridge connects the two factory buildings and a brick hyphen connects the office building to the north factory building. The complex was built for the Virginia Can Company, the first and largest manufacturer of tin cans in Roanoke, Virginia. After 1951, it housed a clothing factory and then the Heironimus department store warehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006, and included in the Roanoke River and Railroad Historic District in 2013. It is located in the Virginia Landmarks Register listed Southeast Roanoke Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Bradley Academy Museum is a historic school building in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, that now serves as a museum and community center.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Bradley Academy was established in 1811 near Jefferson, the original county seat of Rutherford County, as the countys first school. Its namesake was John Bradley, an officer in the American Revolutionary War, who donated the land that the first school was built on. The school later relocated to Murfreesboro and operated as a school for white students until the 1850s. In 1884, Bradley Academy was revived to become the countys first school for African Americans.</p><br>
<p>The current building was built circa 1917–8 and was operated as a school for African-American children until 1955, when the school moved to the current Bradley Academy location on Mercury Boulevard. Murfreesboro City Schools converted the building into a maintenance facility.</p><br>
<p>In 1990 the Bradley Academy Historical Association formed with the purpose of restoring the building for community use.</p><br>
<h2>Current school</h2><br>
<p>The Bradley Academy name is still in use as the name of a public elementary school in Murfreesboro, located at 511 Mercury Boulevard.</p><br>
<p>Belmont Methodist-Episcopal Church, also known as Metropolitan Community Church of the Blue Ridge, is a historic Methodist Episcopal church located in the Belmont neighborhood of Roanoke, Virginia. It was built between 1917 and 1921, and is a three-story, brick Late Gothic Revival style church. It features a tall bell tower, complex roof form, steeply-pitched gables and parapets, large pointed arch windows, crenellated corner towers, buttresses, cast-concrete quatrefoils and other detailing.</p><br>
<p>"Observe especially the expanding auditorium. Main auditorium seats 440; Parlour adjoining, 75; Adult Assembly room, 260; Gallery 225; grand total in sight and hearing of the pulpit, 1,000."</p><br>
<p>In one notice from 1917, H. L. Cain is named the architect of the church building, and the cost of the building was initially budgeted for $50,000.00.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Wasena Historic District is a national historic district located in the Wasena neighborhood of Roanoke, Virginia. It encompasses 574 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, 3 contributing structures, and 3 contributing objects. It is a primarily residential district with single-family dwellings. Also in the district are a few commercial buildings, several industrial buildings, a park along the river and the bridge. The houses range in date from the early 1900s through the 1950s. The American Craftsman-style bungalow is the dominant style and form followed by the</p><br>
<p>American Foursquare (including Colonial Revival and Prairie style) and the Ranch style. The oldest house is the Howbert House at 918 Howbert Avenue, built about 1900.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The High Rock Tower Reservation  is a city park of Lynn, Massachusetts. The roughly 4.5 acre park encompasses the summit area of a hill with commanding views of the surrounding area, as well as the Atlantic Ocean which is only a half a mile away. The parks principal attraction is the High Rock Tower, a stone structure measuring 85 feet high, built in 1905, replacing an earlier tower built by Jesse Hutchinson of the Hutchinson Family Singers, a politically-active abolitionist singing group that performed throughout the northern United States from the 1840s to about 1880. The Jesse Hutchinson acquired the property from the Pawtucket natives, and by 1846 built two Gothic Revival cottages  and later other cottages as well as the first tower which burnt down during a celebration of the Civil Wars end. l</p><br>
<p>The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (as "High Rock Tower&ndash;High Rock Cottage and Daisy Cottage") in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The City of Lynn has periodically opened the tower and observatory to the public for free use of the telescope. This practice continues in summer 2017, with seven scheduled evenings from May to August.</p><br>
<p>Salem Presbyterian Parsonage, also known as the Old Manse, is a historic parsonage associated with Salem Presbyterian Church and located at Salem, Virginia. The core section was built in 1847, and is a two-story, central passage plan, brick I-house. A front section was added to the core in 1879, giving the house an "L"-shaped configuration; an addition in 1922 filled in the "L". A dining room addition built between 1896 and 1909 connected the main house to a formerly detached kitchen dating to the 1850s. The house features Greek Revival style exterior and interior detailing. The front facade features a one-story porch with a hipped roof supported by fluted Doric order columns. The Salem Presbyterian Church acquired the house in 1854; they sold the property in 1941.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Chalon Guard and Emma Blades Cloud House is a historic house located at 300 S. Washington St. in McLeansboro, Illinois. The house was built circa 1892 for Chalon Guard Cloud, who ran the Cloud State Bank with his father Aaron, and his wife Emma Blades Cloud. The houses design features a distinctive blend of architectural styles; while primarily designed in the Queen Anne style, it also includes elements of the Shingle and Romanesque styles. The house is built of red brick with a limestone foundation; the brick masonry walls of the house are characteristic of Richardsonian Romanesque architecture and represent the only residential use of the style in McLeansboro. Two conical turrets mark the front corners of the house; two other turrets are located on the south side of the home. A large roof gable, which connects to the top of the smaller southern turret, is sided in slate-colored shingles typical of the Shingle Style. The houses front porch, which was added in the early 20th century, features turned columns and a spindlework railing. The house&#39;s multi-component roof features several cross gables and three brick chimneys.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 18, 2009.</p><br>
<p>This article is a list of forts in Washington County, Pennsylvania. During the colonial era and the American Revolution, Washington County, Pennsylvania was on the American Frontier. The forts provided protection for settlers from attacks by Indians who already lived in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Doddridge's Fort</h2><br>
<p>Doddridges Fort was a series of stockaded log cabins in Washington County, Pennsylvania. It was built roughly in the year 1773 by John Doddridge as a refuge for settlers in area, which was then the American frontier. Dr. Joseph Doddridge was born and raised there. The fort was located in present-day Independence Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania. The attack on Doddridges Fort was recorded in historian&#39;s Samuel Kercheval 1883 history A History of the Valley of Virginia.</p><br>
<p>On May 28, 1947, the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission erected a historical marker at Pa. 844 west of Pa. 231 at Sugar Run Road, 2.5 mi west of West Middletown, Pennsylvania, noting the importance of Doddridge&#39;s Frrt to the history of Pennsylvania. The actual location of the fort was north of the marker.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, plans were developed for the Washington County Historical Society to create a replica of Doddridge&#39;s Fort at Cross Creek County Park. The facility was to have been known as The Washington County Frontier Experience Center.</p><br>
<h2>Miller's Blockhouse</h2><br>
<p>Miller&#39;s Blockhouse was a blockhouse built in about 1780 by Jacob Miller, Sr., a pioneer in American Frontier in present-day Washington County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>On Wednesday, May 28, 1947, the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission erected a historical marker on USA 40, 3.5 mi west of Claysville, noting the importance of Miller&#39;s Blockhouse to the history of Pennsylvania. The actual site of the blockhouse is 3 mi north.</p><br>
<h2>Rice's Fort</h2><br>
<p>Rices Fort was a fortified blockhouse in present-day Washington County, Pennsylvania. The attack on Rices Fort was recorded in historian&#39;s Samuel Kercheval 1883 history A History of the Valley of Virginia.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission erected a historical marker at USA 40 at Lake Road, 3.5 mi west of Claysville, noting the importance of Rice&#39;s Fort to the history of Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<h2>Wolff's Fort</h2><br>
<p>Wolff&#39;s Fort was a stockaded log house built in about 1780 by Jacob Wolfe.</p><br>
<p>On May 28, 1947, the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission erected a historical marker at USA 40, 3.3 mi southwest of Washington, noting the importance of Wolff&#39;s Fort to the history of Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The Chicot County Courthouse is a courthouse in Lake Village, Arkansas, the county seat of Chicot County, built in 1956. Located at the end of the Lake Village Commercial Historic District along Lake Chicot, the courthouse is a culturally significant landmark for both its architectural style and historical importance to the county. It was because of this dual significance that the property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Chicot County was formed on October 25, 1823 from Arkansas County, with county government first established at Villemont. Along the Mississippi River, Villemont eventually eroded into the river and the county moved its government to Columbia in 1838. After meeting a similar fate, the county again moved, this time to Masona in 1855. Two years later, the county seat moved a final time to Lake Village, with county courthouse and jail facilities constructed the same year. The first Lake Village courthouse would serve for 50 years before being replaced by a neoclassical courthouse in 1907. The 1907 structure suffered foundation problems and was replaced with the current Chicot County Courthouse in 1956. Herbert Voelker and J.L. Dixon were the architects hired for the new courthouse&#39;s design. Voelker had extensive experience in public buildings in the Art Deco and Art Moderne styles, with eleven previous county courthouses already designed in Texas.</p><br>
<h3>Cultural significance</h3><br>
<p>The new county courthouse was built during a time of economic depression in the Arkansas delta. Many farmers were turning to mechanization, displacing many fieldhands and laborers toward larger cities. Accompanying the rapidly declining population, the delta also began to lose accompanying industry, businesses, and services. Jack Rhodes was elected mayor in 1957, and began to turn around the city&#39;s decline with several infrastructure improvement projects and constructing new buildings.</p><br>
<p>Perhaps the regions best example of renewal during this period was the restoration of Lake Chicot. Due to silt from upstream, the lake had become polluted during this period. The lakes condition was becoming an embarrassment to the city, causing Lake Village to cancel the 1957 Chicot Water Carnival. In response to the lakes pollution problem, a meeting took place in the Chicot County Courthouse in 1968. Attending the "Lake Chicot Project" meeting were representatives from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC), the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the Chicot County Rural Development Authority. The end result of the project was the construction of a dam, two pumping plants, sediment control, and fish stocking measures to improve the lakes scenic, environmental, and recreational value.</p><br>
<p>Because of the great impact the renewal projects had on Chicot County and the importance of the county government that instigated the improvements, the Chicot County Courthouse played a major role in the revitalization of the area during the 1960s following a period of steep decline.</p><br>
<p>Mackay Town Hall is a heritage-listed former town hall at 63 Sydney Street, Mackay, Mackay Region, Queensland, Australia. It is the second town hall to be built on this site. It was designed by Arthur Rigby built in 1912 by Charles Porter for the Mackay Town Council. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 29 May 1998.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The former Mackay Town Hall, the second constructed in the city, was built in 1912 by local builder, Charles Porter, to the design of Mackay architect Arthur Rigby. It was constructed on land purchased by the Mackay Borough Council on 13 December 1872.</p><br>
<p>John Mackay and his party had explored what was to become the Pioneer Valley in 1860. The present city blocks were surveyed in June 1863 when the settlement consisted of several dozen huts and tents in a line along a track parallel to the southern bank of the river, and the first land sale was held at the police office, Bowen, on 13 October 1863.</p><br>
<p>The settlement became the business centre for the pastoral stations in the district, providing services, supplies and port facilities. By the mid-1860s the township of Mackay had a post office, telegraph connection to Brisbane, churches, banks, and a racecourse. The track through the valley and over the range to Fort Cooper pastoral run had been upgraded to a road.</p><br>
<p>By 1868, public meetings had discussed the establishment of a local municipal council under the Municipal Institutions Act 1864 for the purposes of establishing local government in the area. Further meetings and a petition signed by 178 householders, freeholders and residents of Mackay resulted in the proclamation of the Borough of Mackay on 22 September 1869.</p><br>
<p>The inaugural meeting of the Mackay Municipal Council, which was composed of local businessmen, was held on 1 December 1869. This meeting was possibly held in the Court House in River Street, which served a number of government functions. Soon after, the Council met in the original Post and Telegraph Office in Wood Street. Subsequent meetings were held in a building in Sydney Street owned by Mr R Fleming.</p><br>
<p>The first Municipal Chambers (town hall) of Mackay was a timber structure, constructed on Allotment 3 Section 33 in Sydney Street in 1872. By 1884, when Mackay was experiencing a boom in sugar prices, the building was deemed to be inadequate and plans were prepared for a new town hall. However, it was not until 1909 that the Town Council accepted recommendations from its newly formed Town Hall Committee, that a town hall of brick be built and that Council apply for a ten year loan from the Queensland Government for that purpose. The following March, the Committee also recommended the building should be on the site of the original Town Hall in Sydney Street, and that competitive designs be called for.</p><br>
<p>Two designs were submitted, and that of Mackay architect and engineer Arthur Rigby was accepted on 30 November 1911, with modifications to the roof as recommended by the Treasury Department. Tenders for construction were called and the lowest, that of Charles Porter for £2327, was accepted. Porter had previously undertaken major building contracts for the South African Government, and his constructions in Mackay included several nearby places of local significance, including Paxtons Shipping Office and Store, St Patricks Presbytery and St Mary&#39;s Church in River Street as well as the Australian Hotel. His company also supplied building material and furniture to the Mackay community.</p><br>
<p>The first town hall was moved to the rear of the block, to make way for the new building. Tenders were accepted from Thomas Cherry, a cabinetmaker in Mackay, and Victor Leon Thomas Warry for the supply of furniture and Porter&#39;s supplied gas fittings. Furnishings included "cork carpet" in the hallway, linoleum in the downstairs rooms, fibre matting on the stairs and the Council room left bare. Photographs of John Mackay and past mayors were hung in the entrance hallway.</p><br>
<p>The Town Hall was constructed of locally produced bricks and the plan featured a central, square tower designed to include a clock. The clock was never purchased and circular, glass paned windows still remain on the west, north and south sides of the tower.</p><br>
<p>The new Town Hall was constructed during the year of the "Jubilee of 50 years of economic growth". The official opening was on Wednesday 2 October 1912. The first official Council meeting was held in the new building on Friday 10 October 1912.</p><br>
<p>In October 1915 the Mackay Harbour Board requested that a Roll of Honour Board be erected in the Town Hall, listing the names of those from Mackay and district who had enlisted in World War I, together with photographs of those killed. The marble Honour Board, installed in March 1917, is mounted on the wall of the corridor of the Town Hall, although the inscriptions are incomplete.</p><br>
<p>In the 1918 Mackay cyclone, the Town Hall was one of the few buildings in Mackay which was not damaged and was used as a refuge for evacuees. A child born during this period was given the middle name of Hall.</p><br>
<p>Extensions to the rear of the building were completed by 1939-1940. Further extensions were added in 1949 and 1959 to accommodate an increasing Council staff.</p><br>
<p>After moving to the new Civic Administration Building in 1974, the council planned to demolish the existing Town Hall and offer the site and adjacent parkland for commercial development to help defray costs of the new building. Following a public meeting of 500 people protesting the decision, 18 months of debate and a petition of over 8500 signatures, Council eventually agreed to retain the building. However, the 1949 and 1959 extensions to the rear of the building were demolished.</p><br>
<p>In 1982-1983, Council spent $120,000 renovating the building. This work included repairs to structural weaknesses; the exterior repaired and painted; louvred extensions on balconies removed; floors tiled; railings on upper and lowers balconies restored; internal painting; wall papering and carpeting throughout; ceiling fans and new lighting installed; hand rails on stairs and all window sills scraped and polished and the original brass door knobs and fittings polished. In March 1983 the building was leased to the Department of Community Health.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, the Council coordinated public meetings to discuss the future of the now-vacant building. Strong attendance showed the community concern over the building, and favoured community uses for it. In 2016, the Regional Social Development Centre (formerly Mackay Regional Council for Social Development) operate in the former town hall.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former Mackay Town Hall is a two-storeyed rendered masonry building facing Sydney Street, Mackay. The street facade, facing west, has a two-storey arcaded verandah is symmetrical about a central entry and clock tower. To the northern side and the rear of the building is a public park.</p><br>
<p>The street facade is divided into five bays of semi-circular moulded arches with pilasters between and string courses. At the centre is a square clock tower with balustrade parapet, ball finials and circular windows. Above the entry archway, which projects slightly forward of the others, is "Town Hall 1912" in relief.</p><br>
<p>The parapet of the verandah has a cornice and ball finials, and is at a lower level than the parapet of the main building. The upper level verandah has cast iron balustrading and the lower level masonry. The verandah ceilings are ripple iron.</p><br>
<p>To the side elevations are timber double-hung sash windows with arched heads, whilst those to the lower verandah have square heads. To the upper level verandah are several pairs of French doors. The side and rear windows have hoods of timber and corrugated steel.</p><br>
<p>Centrally located on the lower verandah, the main entry has a pair of timber panelled doors with brass handles and letter slots. Beyond the entry is a central corridor with offices to either side. The corridor contains the marble honour boards and the timber stair, which has turned balusters and newels. The honour boards, mounted on the southern wall of the ground floor corridor, list 1592 local servicemen from the First World War. The dedication inscription has not been completed.</p><br>
<p>Ceilings throughout are decorative pressed metal with metal roses.</p><br>
<p>The upper level is a single room, formerly the Council Chambers, from which French doors open onto the upper verandah.</p><br>
<p>Added to the south-east corner of the ground floor are toilets accessible from the exterior.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The former Mackay Town Hall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 29 May 1998 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Mackay Town Hall, the centre of administration for the Mackay Municipal Council, was constructed in 1912 on the site of the earlier timber town hall. This second town hall served as the centre of local government for over 60 years, until the construction of the Mackay Civic Centre in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The building, which was one of few buildings of the Mackay City Centre to survive the devastating cyclone of 1918, is evidence of the growth and prominence of Mackay at that time.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The former Town Hall demonstrates the principal characteristics of regional town halls, being a substantial two storeyed building on a prominent site featuring a dominant clock tower.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The former Town Hall, with its two storey formal street facade, two-storey verandah with moulded arcade and clock tower, makes a substantial contribution to the streetscape of Mackay&#39;s city centre.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The importance of the building to the community has been demonstrated by public pressure to retain the building when it was threatened with demolition in the 1970s, and community interest in its ongoing use in the 1990s. Council undertook substantial refurbishment works during the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The Bournedale Village School is a historic school building at 29 Herring Pond Road in Bourne, Massachusetts. Built in 1897, it was the last one-room schoolhouse built by the town, and is one of the few surviving 19th-century schoolhouses in all of Barnstable County. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. The building is now used by the Bournedale Civic Association as a meeting space.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bournedale Village School is located the central northern part of Bourne, on the north side of the Cape Cod Canal. It occupies a lot on the south side of a concurrence of Herring Pond and Bournedale Roads. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a hip roof pierced on each side by a steeply pitched gable, and topped by an octagonal belfry. Its exterior is an eclectic finish of wood shingles, clapboards, and tongue-in-groove beaded boarding. Its main entry is sheltered by a shed-roof overhang supported by decoratively carved brackets. The interior has a pair of vestibules, which lead into the single classroom space, and have stairs descending to an unfinished basement. Although the vestibule floors have been covered in linoleum, the main room retains its original pine floors and painted plaster walls.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in 1897, on the site of a previous one-room schoolhouse destroyed by fire. It served the town as a school until 1925, when ongoing consolidation of district schools prompted the school&#39;s remaining students to be transferred to a graded school in Sagamore. The building continues to be owned by the town, but has been maintained and used by the Bournedale Civic Association since 1925.</p><br>
<p>The Third Avenue Historic District is a historic residential area of Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Kenosha, Wisconsin was first settled in 1835, and by 1836, Charles Durkee had amassed a large land holding near Lake Michigan. Durkee later parcelled out his holdings for residential development. By 1882, the entire area of the Third Avenue district was settled, although few buildings from this era remain. Starting with the George A. Yule House in 1899, Third Avenue became a desirable dwelling place for Kenosha&#39;s most prominent families. The 1890s had brought great prosperity to Kenosha with the Bain Wagon Works, N. R. Allen & Sons Tannery, Chicago Brass Company, and Pettit Malting Company.</p><br>
<p>These wealthy families had their houses designed by notable architects. The Alford House was designed by Richard Philipp, best known for designing the Walter J. Kohler estate in Kohler. N. Max Dunning, a Kenosha native that focused on country house design, planned the Fred H. Carpenter House and the Eugene Head House. The most prominent firm active in the area&#39;s development was Pond & Pond, who designed the Jeffrey Nash House, the Yule House, the Wilson House, and the Allen House.</p><br>
<p>The most notable industrialists that lived in the district were Charles Durkee, Charles Williams Nash, Charles T. Jeffery, and Charles C. Allen. Durkee became the citys foremost politician, serving two terms in the United States House of Representatives and one term as United States Senator. When he moved to the Utah Territory to become its sixth governor, Durkees house was acquired by the Episcopal church in 1865. It became part of Kemper Hall, a girls school. Jeffrey was the son of Thomas B. Jeffery of the Thomas B. Jeffery Company, who assumed control of the company in 1910. This company was purchased by Nash in 1916 and renamed Nash Motors. Allen inherited his fathers tannery and turned it into a nationally-recognized produced of hosiery.</p><br>
<p>On November 1, 1988, the district was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Civic Center Historic District is a historic area of Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States reflecting its history as Kenosha County seat.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1900s, the City Beautiful movement gained national recognition. As a result, cities like Kenosha, Wisconsin sought to develop aesthetically pleasant town centers. After World War I ended, Kenosha officials appointed a committee to establish a city plan. In 1922, Kenosha citizens voted to approve this plan, part of which was to develop a new town center. Harland Bartholomew was commissioned to submit a city plan, which he submitted in 1925.</p><br>
<p>Like many centers developed in the wake of City Beautiful, the civic district is largely Neoclassical in design. Kenosha native Joseph Lindl, in association with Charles Lesser and Albert Schutte, designed the Kenosha County Courthouse and Jail, which was completed in 1925. The Kenosha High School, planned by school design specialist Charles D. Chubb, was completed a year later. The Loyal Order of Moose built a clubhouse at the corner of 56th Street and Tenth Avenue. They used the building until 1943. The final two buildings of the district were added in 1933. The former United States Post Office, constructed in 1909 in another part of the city, was moved to the civic district. Designed by Supervising Architect James Knox Taylor, the building was re-purposed as the Kenosha Public Museum. The last building constructed in the district was a new post office on Sheridan Road.</p><br>
<p>On July 26, 1989, the National Park Service recognized the district with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The courthouse and jail was listed individually in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The John Marshall House Museum is a historic house museum located in Old Shawneetown, Illinois. The museum is a historically inaccurate reproduction of the John Marshall House, which was located at the site until 1974; the original house was demolished so that the reproduction could be constructed. The original house was built in the early 19th century for banker John Marshall, who ran the first bank in the Illinois Territory. At the time of its demolition, the house was one of the oldest surviving brick buildings in Illinois.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 15, 1972, but this designation failed to prevent its destruction eighteen months later. Nevertheless, the original foundation remained, and the site retained significant integrity as a historical archaeological site. As a result, the site itself qualified to be re-listed on the National Register in January 1975.</p><br>
<p>Dallas Hall is a historic building on the campus of Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by the architectural firm Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge.</p><br>
<p>According to SMU historian Darwin Payne, construction began on November 28, 1912. It was dedicated in 1915, making it the first building on campus. Given its monumental size, it gave the nickname of "The Hilltop" to SMU.</p><br>
<p>Over the year, it has been home to classrooms, offices, a chapel, a hamburger grill, a post office and a barbershop. It celebrated its 100th anniversary on November 12, 2012 with a dinner for university administrators and donors.</p><br>
<p>It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 17, 1978.</p><br>
<p>Lake Sirena, an oval-shaped lake, has a surface area of 142.85 acre. It is on the south side of Lake Placid, Florida. In fact, it is surrounded by the city, but most of its shore and most of the lake is outside the city limits. Only a small sliver of the south end of the lake is inside the city of Lake Placid. Part of the west shore and most of the north shore and all the east shore are surrounded by residences. On the northwest and southwest are citrus groves. The southeast shore is bordered by vacant land. A small part of the northwest is also bordered by vacant land.</p><br>
<p>Lake Sirena only has public access at the public boat access point on its north shore, at Lake Drive West. This is merely a sandy place along the road where only small boats can be launched. A canal also connects this lake to Lake Pearl, to the east, but the canal cannot be navigated; it runs through a small culvert at one point. The lake can be fished from shore along the boat area. There are no public smimming beaches at Lake Sirena. The Take Me Fishing website says Lake Sirena contains largemouth bass, bluegill and grass carp.</p><br>
<p>Old Roanoke County Courthouse is a historic courthouse building located at Salem, Virginia. It was built in 1909-1910 and is a three-story, Classical Revival-style, yellow brick building. The front facade features a three-story, tetra-style Ionic order portico. The courthouse has a hipped roof topped by a cupola, which is topped by an eagle. A rear addition was built in 1948-1949. Also on the property is the contributing 1910 Civil War Memorial, that consists of a granite shaft topped by the figure of a Confederate soldier. The building housed Roanoke County, Virginia county offices until they moved to a new building in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It is located in the Downtown Salem Historic District. Today the property is owned by Roanoke College.</p><br>
<p>Salem Post Office, also known as the Old Post Office, is a historic post office building located at Salem, Virginia. It was built in 1922-1923, and is a one-story, Georgian Revival-style, brick building. It was designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under the direction of Louis A. Simon. The main entrance features fluted Doric order pilasters surmounted by a Doric frieze with triglyphs and a dentilated pediment. Additions were made to the rear of the building in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1989-1991. The post office was decommissioned in 1985, and subsequently occupied by doctor&#39;s offices. In 2013, Roanoke College purchased the Old Post Office.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It is located in the Downtown Salem Historic District.</p><br>
